Khoom Taw qhia
| Dichloromethane Cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim |
| Txheej txheem cej luam Cov Khoom Siv Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Cov Ntsiab Lus Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Ua Phem Txhaum Cai & Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kev Nyab Xeeb |
| Khoom npe: | Dichloromethane |
| Synonyms: | F30; F30 (chlorocarbon); Freon 30; Freon 30; HCC 30; Khladon 30; M-clean D; Metaclen |
| CAS: | 75-09-2 |
| MF: | CH 2 Cl 2 |
| MW: | 84.93 |
| EINECS: | 200-838-9 |
| Khoom Categories: | Txheej txheem tshuaj ntawm Volatile Organic Cheebtsam rau Dej & Soil Analysis; Standard Solutions (VOC); Anhydrous Solvents; Synthetic Organic Chemistry; HPLC Solvents; CHROMASOLV Plus; HPLC Plus Grade Solvents (CHROMASOLV); Analytical Reagents rau Kev Siv; CD; Puriss pa; Puriss pa ACS; Anhydrous; Cov Khoom; Cov Thawv Xa Rov Qab; Kaw Lub Taub Hau Nruas; Nruas Khoom Kab; Cov Tshuaj Ntsuam Xyuas; Kev Ntsuas / Chromatography; Chromatography Reagents &; HPLC &; HPLC Qib Solvents (CHROMASOLV); HPLC / UHPLC-Solvents (CHROMA); Cov kuab tshuaj ntau; Cov kuab tshuaj los ntawm daim ntawv thov; Cov khoom ntim ntim cov khoom ntim; UHPLC cov kuab tshuaj (CHROMASOLV); Sure / Foob lub raj mis; Biotech Solvents; ACS thiab Reagent Qib Qib Solvents; ACS Grade Solvents; refrigerants; Organics; alpha, omega-Bifunctional Alkanomes; Dichloroalkanes; Analytical Chemistry; Monofunctional & alpha, omega-Bifunctional Alkanes; Cov kuab tshuaj rau HPLC & Spectrophotometry; Cov kuab tshuaj rau Spectrophotometry; Dichloromethane (Methylene chloride); Cov kuab tshuaj los ntawm Hom; Cov kuab tshuaj; CHROMAluminum; Cov tshuaj tua kab mob HPulti; Cov raj mis hnyav; ACS Qib; NMR; Spectrophotometric Qib; Spectrophotometric Solvents; Spectroscopy Solvents (IR; UV / Vis); Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy; IR Solvents; IR Spectroscopy Solvents; Spectroscopy; Pharmaceutical intermediates; |
| Mol File: | 75-09-2.mol |
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| Dichloromethane Chemical Properties |
| Melting point | -97 degree |
| Boiling point | 39. 8-40 degree mm Hg(lit.) |
| ceev | 1.325 g / mL ntawm 25 degree (lit.) |
| vapor ceev | 2.9 (vs huab cua) |
| vapor siab | 24.45 psi (55 degree) |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.424 (lit.) |
| Fp | 39-40 degree |
| cia temp. | chav kub |
| solubility | Miscible hauv ethyl acetate, cawv, hexanes, methanol, diethyl ether, n-octanol, acetone benzene, carbon tetrachloride, diethyl ether thiab chloroform. |
| daim ntawv | Ua kua |
| xim | APHA: Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 10 |
| Specific Gravity | 1.329 (20/20 degree) |
| tsw | Qhov ntsuas kub ntawm 160 txog 230 ppm |
| Ntsig qhov pib | 160 ppm ib |
| tawg txwv | 13-22%(V) |
| Dej Solubility | 20 g/L (20 ºC) |
| lw max | λ: 235 nm Amax: 1. 00 λ: 240 nm Amax: 0.20 λ: 250 nm Amax: 0.05 λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.02 λ: {{0}} nm Amax: 0.01 |
| Merck | 14,6063 |
| BRN | 1730800 |
| Henry's Law Constant | 2.49 ntawm 30 degree (headspace-GC, Sanz li al., 1997) |
| Dielectric tsis tu ncua | 9.1 (20 degree) |
| Kev txwv tsis pub dhau | TLV-TWA 50 ppm ({2}} mg/m3) (ACGIH); Carcinogenicity: Suspected Human Carcinogen (ACGIH), Tsiaj Ntawv Pov Thawj txaus, Human Inadequate Evidence (IARC). |
| Kev ruaj ntseg: | Volatile |
| LogP | 1.250 |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 75-09-2(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Methylene chloride (75-09-2) |
| IARC | 2A (Vol. Sup 7, 71, 110) 2017 |
| EPA Tshuaj Registry System | Methylene chloride (75-09-2) |
| Cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb |
| Hazard Codes | Xn, T, F, N, C |
| Risk Statements | 40-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11-67-36/37/38-68/20/21/22-20/21/22-50-37-34 |
| Cov lus hais txog kev nyab xeeb | 23-24/25-36/37-45-16-7-26-61-36/37/39 |
| RIDADR | UN 1593 6.1/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | PIB 8050000 |
| F | 3-10 |
| Autoignition Kub | 556 degree |
| Ceeb toom | Ua phem |
| TSCA | Yog lawm |
| HS Code | 2903 12 00 |
| HazardClass | 6.1 |
| PackingGroup | III |
| Cov Ntaub Ntawv Muaj Xwm Ceev | 75-09-2(Cov ntaub ntawv muaj phom sij) |
| Toxicity | LD50 ntawm qhov ncauj hauv cov nas hluas: 1.6 ml / kg (Kimura) |
| IDLA | 2,300 ppm |
| MSDS Cov Ntaub Ntawv |
| Dichloromethane Siv thiab Synthesis |
| Txheej txheem cej luam | Dichloromethane (DCM), tseem hu ua methylene chloride, yog pob tshab, tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj zog halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon compound nrog ether-zoo li cov ntxhiab tsw qab. Nws yog me ntsis soluble nyob rau hauv dej thiab nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov organic solvents namely; ether, ethanol, ketones, aldehydes, thiab phenols (1). Qhov tseem ceeb, DCM vapors hnyav dua huab cua thiab feem ntau tsis tawg, ruaj khov, thiab tsis muaj hluav taws kub thaum raug huab cua; Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kub siab tshaj 100oC yuav tsum zam. Txawm hais tias cov peev txheej ntuj tsis ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub ntiaj teb tso tawm ntawm DCM, qhov kawg yuav ua rau muaj qhov qub. |
| Chemical Properties | Methylene chloride reacts muaj zog nrog cov hlau nquag xws li potassium, sodium, thiab lithium, thiab cov hauv paus muaj zog, piv txwv li, potassium tert-butoxide. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib xyaw ua ke tsis sib haum nrog muaj zog caustics, muaj zog oxidizers, thiab cov hlau uas muaj tshuaj lom neeg xws li magnesium thiab txhuas hmoov. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas methylene chloride tuaj yeem tua qee hom txheej, yas, thiab roj hmab. Tsis tas li ntawd, dichloromethane reacts nrog kua oxygen, sodium-potassium alloy, thiab nitrogen tetroxide. Thaum cov khoom sib txuas nrog dej, nws corrodes ib co stainless hlau, npib tsib xee, tooj liab thiab hlau. Thaum raug tshav kub los yog dej, dichloromethane ua rhiab heev vim nws raug hydrolysis uas yog ceev los ntawm lub teeb. Raws li ib txwm muaj, cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm DCM xws li acetone lossis ethanol yuav tsum ruaj khov rau 24 teev. Methylene chloride tsis hnov mob nrog alkali hlau, zinc, amines, magnesium, nrog rau cov alloys ntawm zinc thiab txhuas. Thaum sib xyaw nrog nitric acid los yog dinitrogen pentoxide, lub compound tuaj yeem tawg heev. Methylene chloride yog flammable thaum tov nrog methanol vapor hauv huab cua. Txij li thaum lub compound tuaj yeem tawg, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob muaj tej yam mob xws li sparks, kub qhov chaw, qhib nplaim taws, tshav kub, static paug, thiab lwm yam ignition qhov chaw. |
| Siv | Cov Khoom Siv Hauv Tsev Lub compound yog siv nyob rau hauv da dej refurbishing. Dichloromethane yog siv dav hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj, strippers, thiab cov txheej txheem cov kuab tshuaj. Kev lag luam thiab kev tsim khoom siv DCM yog cov kuab tshuaj uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov kua roj vanish thiab xim strippers, uas feem ntau yog siv los tshem tawm cov kua roj vanish lossis xim txheej los ntawm ntau qhov chaw. Raws li cov kuab tshuaj hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, DCM yog siv rau kev npaj ntawm cephalosporin thiab ampicillin. Khoom noj khoom haus thiab dej haus Manufacturing Nws kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim dej haus thiab khoom noj khoom haus raws li cov kuab tshuaj extraction. Piv txwv li, DCM tuaj yeem siv los decaffeinate unroasted kas fes taum nrog rau tshuaj yej nplooj. Lub compound kuj yog siv los tsim hops extract rau npias, dej haus thiab lwm yam flavoring rau zaub mov, nrog rau kev ua txuj lom. Kev lag luam tsheb thauj mus los DCM feem ntau yog siv rau hauv degreasing ntawm cov hlau qhov chaw thiab qhov chaw, xws li cov khoom siv tsheb ciav hlau thiab cov lem thiab cov khoom siv dav hlau. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv rau hauv degreasing thiab lubricating cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom siv tsheb, piv txwv li, tshem tawm cov gasket thiab npaj cov khoom hlau rau lub gasket tshiab. Cov kws tshaj lij hauv tsheb feem ntau siv cov txheej txheem vapor dichloromethane degreasing rau kev tshem tawm cov roj thiab roj los ntawm lub tsheb qhov chaw ntawm lub tsheb transistor, spacecraft assemblies, aircraft Cheebtsam, thiab diesel motors. Niaj hnub no, cov kws tshaj lij muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab huv si sai sai siv cov txheej txheem degreasing uas nyob ntawm methylene chloride. Kev lag luam kho mob Dichloromethane yog siv nyob rau hauv lub chaw soj nstuam nyob rau hauv lub extraction ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm cov khoom noj los yog cov nroj tsuag rau cov tshuaj xws li tshuaj tua kab mob, steroids, thiab vitamins. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cuab yeej siv kho mob tuaj yeem ua tau zoo thiab ntxuav sai sai siv cov tshuaj ntxuav dichloromethane thaum tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj rau qhov kub thiab txias thiab teeb meem corrosion. Cov duab thaij duab Methylene chloride yog siv los ua ib qho hnyav hauv kev tsim cov cellulose triacetate (CTA), uas yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab kev nyab xeeb hauv kev yees duab. Thaum yaj hauv DCM, CTA pib evaporate raws li cov fiber ntau ntawm acetate tseem nyob tom qab. Kev lag luam hluav taws xob Methylene chloride yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Court boards hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob. DCM yog siv los degrease cov ntawv ci saum npoo ntawm lub substrate ua ntej txheej txheej photoresist ntxiv rau lub rooj tsavxwm. |
| Kev puas tsuaj | Dichloromethane nkag mus rau tib neeg lub cev feem ntau los ntawm kev nqus pa thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj tshuaj loog xws li kev puas tsuaj rau lub ntsws thiab lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb. Thaum siv los ua cov xim tshem tawm, DCM tau pom tias muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus siab hauv qhov chaw sab hauv tsev. Qhov sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem raug rau cov pej xeem los ntawm kev haus dej, huab cua, thiab kev sib cuag zaub mov, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv ntau me me. Ntxiv mus, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau lub compound mus sau nyob rau hauv cov huab cua vim nws photolysis tus nqi. Cov neeg ua haujlwm uas koom nrog kev tsim khoom ntawm DCM, polycarbonate resin thiab cov xim tshem tawm cov txheej txheem muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev raug mob. |
| Cov ntsiab lus tsom xam | Dichloromethane tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm dibutyl phthalate (DBP), tom qab ntawd kuaj pom los ntawm GC nrog TCD, thiab ntsuas los ntawm kev sib piv nrog tus qauv dichloromethane. Reagents: carrier gas, helium (>99.5%); carrier rau dawb diatomaceous ntiaj teb 6201 (40-60 mesh) los yog sib npaug; nyob ruaj ruaj, DBP (hauv ether); txheem dichloromethane, chromatographically ntshiab dichloromethane; Cov cuab yeej: roj chromatograph nrog TCD, ib kem, 3 mx 3 mus rau 4 mm (sab hauv kab) stainless hlau kem. Cov xwm txheej: taag theem, 20%: DBP / 6021 gasification kub, 100 degree, ntsuas kub 100 degree; Cov cab kuj roj ntws tus nqi, 70ml / min, kem kub ntawm 70 degree; TCD choj tam sim no, 200mA ~; txhaj tshuaj ntim,<20μL; temperature. retention time (R) of other chlorinated solvents related to dichloromethane: methyl chloride 0.15; monochloroethane 0.34; 1,1-dichloroethylene 0.59; monochloropropylene, 0.85; carbon tetrachloride 1.86; chloroform 2.47. |
| Toxicity | ADI tsis muaj cov cai tshwj xeeb (cov seem ntawm dichloromethane hauv cov khoom yuav tsum raug txo kom ntev li ntev tau raws li qhov kev thov ntau lawm; FAO/WHO.1998). |
| Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kev Nyab Xeeb & Kev Nyab Xeeb | toxicity qib:WHO Class II mob toxicity:mob peroral LD50 hauv nas 1600 mg / kg; nas intraperitoneal LD50: 437 mg/kg Physiological stimulation:tawv nqaij-liab 810 mg / 24 teev mob hnyav; qhov muag-liab 500 mg / 24hours Mild Explosive hazard yam ntxwv:Kev tawg thaum sib xyaw nrog huab cua lossis oxygen Combustible hazard yam ntxwv:Nws tso phosgene thaum cua sov. Nws vapor yog non-flammable Kev thauj mus los thiab khaws cia yam ntxwv:Nyob rau hauv ventilated qhuav storeroom ntawm qis kub, cia sib nrug ntawm oxidizing tus neeg saib xyuas thiab nitric acid hluav taws xob tua hluav taws:Ua npuas ncauj extinguisher, carbon dioxide, sprayed dej, daj xuab zeb. tus qauv kev tshaj lij:TWA 350 mg/m3; STEL 879 mg/m3. |
| Kev piav qhia | Dichloromethane yog cov kua xim tsis muaj xim nrog cov ethereal, tab sis nkag mus rau tsw. Nws miscibility nyob rau hauv cawv thiab ether thiab me ntsis solubility nyob rau hauv dej tau ua rau nws ib tug zoo tagnrho hnyav thiab lwm yam tsis tshua muaj ntau yam tshuaj. Nws tau raug siv hauv kev lag luam (cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov xim tshem tawm), ua cov tshuaj (qhov nqus tshuaj loog) thiab ua cov tshuaj ua liaj ua teb (kev loj hlob regulator thiab chiv). Nws yog narcotic nyob rau hauv high concentrations thiab carcinogenic. Inhalation raug rau cov khoom no irritates lub qhov ntswg thiab caj pas thiab cuam tshuam rau hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb. |
| Chemical Properties | Dichloromethane yog cov kua uas tsis muaj xim nrog cov ntxhiab tsw tsw qab. Nws tsis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov roj methane los yog cawv ntoo. Kev siv cov dichloromethane yog qhov dav, raws li cov kuab tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov xim strippers, raws li ib tug propellant nyob rau hauv aerosols, thiab raws li ib tug txheej txheem hnyav nyob rau hauv kev tsim tshuaj. dichloromethane kuj tseem siv los ua hlau ntxuav thiab fi nishing hnyav, thiab nws tau pom zoo ua cov kuab tshuaj extraction rau cov txuj lom thiab hops. Kev cuam tshuam rau dichloromethane tshwm sim hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm los ntawm kev ua pa pa los ntawm cov xim pleev xim uas muaj nws (xyuas daim ntawv lo), ua pa tawm los ntawm cov kaus poom aerosol uas siv nws (kos daim ntawv lo), thiab ua pa paug pa ze ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg. |
| Lub cev muaj zog | Ntshiab, xim tsis muaj kua nrog ib tug qab zib, nkag mus, ethereal tsw. Leonardos et al. (1969) txiav txim siab qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas ntawm 214.0 ppmv. Qhov nruab nrab qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntxhiab tsw qhov pib qhov siab ntawm cov txheej txheem methylene chloride hauv dej ntawm 60 degree thiab hauv huab cua ntawm 40 degree yog 5.6 thiab 24 mg / L, raws li (Alexander li al., 1982). |
| Siv | Dichloromethane, tseem hu ua methylene chloride, yog dav siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj, ua cov tshuaj degreasing thiab ntxuav reagent, hauv cov xim tshem tawm, thiab hauv cov extractions ntawm cov organic tebchaw los ntawm dej rau kev tshuaj xyuas. |
| Siv | Methylene chloride feem ntau yog siv los ua cov xim tshem tawm cov kuab tshuaj. Nws kuj yog siv los ua ib qho aerosol propellant, ua cov kuab tshuaj hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj steroids, tshuaj tua kab mob, vitamins, thiab ntsiav tshuaj txheej. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws ua haujlwm raws li tus neeg sawv cev degreasing, tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob. Methylene chloride yog siv los ua urethane foamblowing tus neeg sawv cev thiab. Nws pom daim ntawv thov hauv kev ntxuav hlau, tsim cov polycarbonate resins thiab triacetate fibers, kev ua yeeb yaj kiab, cov ntawv sau, thiab ua cov kuab tshuaj extraction rau cov txuj lom oleoresins, caffeine, thiab hops. Vim nws cov volatility siab, nws yog feem ntau ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug hnyav nyob rau hauv ntau yam extraction txheej txheem. Methylene chloride muaj zog hnyav zog rau cellulose esters, rog, roj, resins, thiab roj hmab. Nws yog soluble ntau dua hauv dej piv rau lwm cov kuab tshuaj chlorinated. Yav dhau los, nws tau pom zoo siv los ua tshuaj tua kab rau cov khoom lag luam fumigation ntawm strawberries, citrus txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab nplej. |
| Txhais | ChEBI: Dichloromethane yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm chav kawm ntawm chloromethanes uas yog methane nyob rau hauv uas ob ntawm cov hydrogens tau hloov los ntawm chlorine. Lub cev ntom ntom, tsis yog-flasws tsis muaj xim kua ntawm chav tsev kub (BP 40 degree, nws yog qhov tseeb, thiab rau kev tshem tawm ntawm caffeine los ntawm kas fes thiab tshuaj yej. Nws muaj lub luag haujlwm ua tus polar aprotic hnyav, tus neeg sawv cev carcinogenic thiab cov tub yees. Nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm chloromethanes thiab ib tug volatile organic compound. |
| Txoj kev tsim khoom | Dichloromethane yog thawj zaug npaj los ntawm Regnault xyoo 1840 los ntawm chlorination ntawm methyl chloride nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj. Nws tau dhau los ua cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Ob txoj kev lag luam tam sim no yog siv rau kev tsim cov dichloromethane-hydrochlorination ntawm methanol thiab ncaj qha chlorination ntawm methane (Rossberg li al., 1986; Holbrook, 1993). Txoj kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov dichloromethane siv ua thawj kauj ruam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm hydrogen chloride thiab methanol muab methyl chloride. Tshaj methyl chloride yog tom qab ntawd tov nrog chlorine thiab reacts muab dichloromethane, nrog chloroform thiab carbon tetrachloride ua cov khoom sib koom ua ke. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no feem ntau yog nqa tawm hauv cov roj theem thermally tab sis tuaj yeem ua tau catalytically lossis photolytically. Thaum tsis tshua muaj kub thiab siab siab, cov txheej txheem ua kua-theem muaj peev xwm muab kev xaiv siab rau dichloromethane (Rossberg li al., 1986; Holbrook, 1993). |
| Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv | Methylene chloride reacts hnyav nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm alkali los yog alkaline ntiaj teb hlau thiab yuav hydrolyze rau formaldehyde nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug aqueous puag. Alkylation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim ntawm ob lub luag haujlwm, yog li kev hloov pauv tshwm sim. |
| Kev piav qhia dav dav | Dichloromethane tau raug kuaj raws li qhov hnyav nruab nrab rau dipyridine-chromium (VI) oxide. Solubility tau tshaj tawm tias yog 12.5g / 100ml. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm qhov ntau ntawm TiO2loading ntawm activated carbon txhawb ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub photodecomposition ntawm dichloromethane tau raug soj ntsuam. |
| Cua & Dej Reactions | Methylene chloride yog cov kua uas tsis muaj xim, muaj ntxhiab tsw qab. Me ntsis dej soluble. Ua rau qeeb hydrolysis uas yog nrawm los ntawm lub teeb. |
| Reactivity Profile | Dichloromethane reacts nquag nrog cov hlau nquag xws li lithium, sodium thiab potassium, thiab nrog cov hauv paus muaj zog xws li potassium tert-butoxide. Dichloromethane tsis sib haum nrog cov muaj zog oxidizers, muaj zog caustics thiab tshuaj lom neeg hlau xws li txhuas lossis magnesium hmoov. Cov kua yuav tawm tsam qee yam ntawm cov yas, roj hmab thiab coatings. Dichloromethane reacts nrog sodium-potassium alloy, (potassium hydrogen + N-methyl-N-nitrosurea), nitrogen tetraoxide thiab kua oxygen. Dichloromethane kuj reacts nrog titanium. Ntawm kev sib cuag nrog dej Dichloromethane corrodes hlau, ib co stainless hlau, tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee. Dichloromethane yog incompatible nrog alkali hlau. Dichloromethane tsis sib haum nrog amines, zinc thiab alloys ntawm txhuas, magnesium thiab zinc. Dichloromethane yuav tsum tau tawg thaum tov nrog dinitrogen pentaoxide los yog nitric acid. Kev sib xyaw ntawm Dichloromethane hauv huab cua nrog methanol vapor yog flammable. |
| Hazard | Tshuaj lom. Ib tug narcotic. Central nervous system impairment thiab carboxyhemoglobinemia. Ua tau carcinogen. |
| Health Hazard | Dichloromethane is classified as only slightly toxic by the oral and inhalation routes. Exposure to high concentrations of dichloromethane vapor (>500 ppm rau 8 h) tuaj yeem ua rau mob taub hau, nkees, qaug zog, thiab xeev siab. Kev sib cuag nrog lub qhov muag ua rau mob khaus khaus thiab tuaj yeem ua rau mob pob txha thiab pob txha raug mob yog tias tsis tshem tawm tam sim ntawd los ntawm kev ntxuav. Dichloromethane yog ib qho mob me me ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab thaum kev sib cuag ntev (xws li, nyob rau hauv cov khaub ncaws lossis khau) tuaj yeem ua rau kub hnyiab tom qab 30 txog 60 feeb raug. Dichloromethane tsis yog teratogenic ntawm qib mus txog 4500 ppm lossis embryotoxic hauv cov nas thiab nas ntawm qib txog 1250 ppm. |
| Hluav Taws Xob | Kev phom sij tshwj xeeb ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob: Cov khoom sib cais tsim tawm hauv hluav taws tuaj yeem ua rau khaus lossis lom. |
| Flammability thiab Explosibility | Noncombustible. Dichloromethane vapor concentrated nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw kaw lossis qhov cua tsis zoo tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog lub zog hluav taws xob, nplaim taws, lossis qhov siv hluav taws xob siab. |
| Tshuaj Reactivity | Reactivity nrog dej Tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv; Reactivity nrog cov khoom siv: Tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv; Kev ruaj ntseg thaum thauj: ruaj khov; Neutralizing Agents rau Acids thiab Caustics: Tsis cuam tshuam; Polymerization: Tsis cuam tshuam; Inhibitor ntawm Polymerization: Tsis cuam tshuam. |
| Kev ruaj ntseg Profile | Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj carcinogen nrog kev sim carcinogenic thiab cov ntaub ntawv tumorigenic. Tshuaj lom los ntawm txoj hlab ntsha. Muaj tshuaj lom los ntawm kev noj, subcutaneous, thiab intraperitoneal txoj kev. Mob me me los ntawm kev nqus pa. Tib neeg cov teebmeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev noj thiab nqus pa: paresthesia, somnolence, hloov sijhawm pw tsaug zog, convulsions, euphoria, thiab hloov pauv ntawm cardlac. Ib qho kev sim teratogen. Kev sim ua kom muaj menyuam. Qhov muag thiab tawv tawv heev irritant. Human mutation data qhia. Nws yog flammable nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm 12-19% nyob rau hauv huab cua tab sis ignition nyuaj. Nws yuav tsis tsim cov khoom tawg nrog huab cua ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Cov khoom sib xyaw hauv huab cua nrog methanol vapor yog flammable. Nws yuav tsim cov khoom tawg nrog cov cua uas muaj cov pa oxygen siab, hauv cov kua O2, N2O4, K, Na, NaK. Explosive nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm vapor thaum raug tshav kub los yog nplaim taws. Reacts hnyav nrog Li, NaK, potassiumtert-butoxide, (KOH + N-methyl-Nnitrosourea). Nws tuaj yeem decomposed los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog cov chaw kub thiab qhib nplaim taws, thiab tom qab ntawd tso tawm cov pa phem uas ua rau khaus thiab ceeb toom txog lawv qhov tshwm sim. Thaum rhuab mus rau decomposition nws emits cov pa phem heev ntawm phosgene thiab Cl-. |
| Ntxim yuav nphav raug | Methylene chloride feem ntau yog siv los ua qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov tshuaj uas cuam tshuam rau qhov kub thiab txias. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj rau cov roj, rog, waxes, bitumen, cellulose acetate; thiab esters. Nws kuj yog siv los ua cov xim pleev xim; raws li ib tug degreaser; thiab hauv aerosol propellants |
| Kev pab thawj zaug | Yog hais tias cov tshuaj no nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov muag, tshem tawm ib qho kev sib cuag Tenses ib zaug thiab irrigate tam sim ntawd rau tsawg kawg yog 5 min, qee zaus lifting sab sauv thiab sab hau. Nrhiav kev kho mob tam sim ntawd. Yog tias cov tshuaj no cuam tshuam rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tshem cov khaub ncaws tsis huv thiab ntxuav tam sim nrog xab npum thiab dej. Nrhiav kev kho mob tam sim ntawd. Yog tias cov tshuaj no tau nqus tau lawm, tshem tawm ntawm qhov raug, pib ua pa tawm (siv kev ceev faj thoob ntiaj teb, suav nrog daim npog qhov ncauj resusci-ation) yog tias ua tsis taus pa thiab CPR yog tias lub plawv nres. Hloov tam sim ntawd mus rau qhov chaw kho mob. Thaum cov tshuaj no tau nqos lawm, mus ntsib kws kho mob.Muab dej kom ntau thiab ua kom ntuav. Tsis txhob ua rau tus neeg tsis nco qab ntuav. Kev soj ntsuam kev kho mob tau pom zoo rau 24- 48 h tom qab ua pa ntau dhau, aspulmonary edema yuav qeeb. Raws li kev pab thawj zaug rau pulmonaryedema, kws kho mob lossis kws kho mob tau tso cai yuav txiav txim siab siv tshuaj corticosteroid. |
| Carcinogenicity | Dichloromethane yog qhov tsim nyog xav tias yuav yog tib neeg carcinogen raws li cov pov thawj txaus ntawm carcinogenicity los ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv cov tsiaj sim. |
| Environmental txoj hmoo | Tshuaj lom neeg.Ua kom tiav microbial degradation rau carbon dioxide tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej anaerobic los ntawm kev sib xyaw lossis cov kab lis kev cai ntshiab. Nyob rau hauv enzymatic tej yam kev mob formaldehyde yog tib yam khoom qhia (Vogel li al., 1987). Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev soj ntsuam zoo li qub-kab lis kev cai-flask kuaj, methylene chloride (5 thiab 10 mg / L) tau statically incubated nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm 25 degree nrog poov xab extract thiab tswm nyob rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab inoculum. Tom qab 7 d, 100% biodegradation nrog kev hloov pauv sai tau pom (Tabak li al., 1981). Nyob rau hauv aerobic tej yam kev mob nrog dej phwj noob los yog activated sludge, ua tiav biodegradation tau soj ntsuam ntawm 6 h txog 1 wk (Rittman thiab McCarty, 1980). Av.Methylene chloride undergoes biodegradation hauv av nyob rau hauv aerobic thiab anaerobic tej yam kev mob. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej aerobic, ib nrab-lub neej hauv qab no tau tshaj tawm: 54.8 d hauv cov xuab zeb (500 ppb); 1.3, 9.4, thiab 191.4 d ntawm concentrations ntawm 160, 500, thiab 5, 000 ppb, raws li, nyob rau hauv cov xuab zeb loam av; 12.7 d (500 ppb) hauv cov xuab zeb av nplaum loam av; 7.2 d (500 ppb) tom qab lub sijhawm 50-d lag luam. Nyob rau hauv anaerobic tej yam kev mob, ib nrab-lub neej ntawm methylene chloride nyob rau hauv av nplaum tom qab ib tug 70-d lag lub sij hawm yog 21.5 d (Davis thiab Madsen, 1991). Qhov kwv yees volatilization ib nrab-lub neej ntawm methylene chloride hauv av yog 100 d (Jury li al., 1990). Photolytic.Tshaj tawm cov khoom lag luam photooxidation ntawm OH radicals suav nrog carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, formyl chloride, thiab phosgene (Spence li al., 1976). Thaum muaj dej, phosgene hydrolyzes rau HCl thiab carbon dioxide, whereas formyl chloride hydrolyzes rau hydrogen chloride thiab carbon monoxide (Morrison and Boyd, 1971). Tshuaj / Lub cev.Nyob rau hauv kev kuaj mob, methylene chloride hydrolyzed nrog oxidation tom qab thiab txo kom tsim methyl chloride, methanol, formic acid, thiab formaldehyde (Smith thiab Dragun, 1984). Qhov kev sim ib nrab-lub neej rau hydrolysis hauv dej ntawm 25 degree yog kwv yees li 18 lub hlis (Dilling li al., 1975). |
| khaws cia | Xim Code-Blue: Health Hazard/Poison: Khaws rau hauv qhov chaw muaj tshuaj lom. Ua ntej ua haujlwm nrog cov tshuaj no koj yuav tsum tau kawm txog nws txoj kev tuav thiab khaws cia. Ua ntej nkag mus rau qhov chaw kaw qhov chaw uas cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem tshwm sim, xyuas kom paub tseeb tias tsis muaj cov khoom tawg. Methylene chloride yuav tsum tau khaws cia kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib cuag nrog cov oxidizers muaj zog (xws li perchlorates, peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, los yog permanganates), muaj zog, thiab tshuaj lom neeg hlau (xws li txhuas, magnesium hmoov, sodium, potassium, lossis lithium) vim muaj kev kub ntxhov tshwm sim. Khaws rau hauv cov thawv kaw nruj nreem nyob rau hauv qhov chaw txias, zoo-ventilated qhov chaw kom deb ntawm tshav kub thiab ya raws. Aregulated, cim cheeb tsam yuav tsum tau tsim qhov twg cov tshuaj no yog tuav, siv, los yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv raws li OSHA Standard 1910.1045. |
| Kev xa khoom | UN1593Dichloromethane, Hazard Class: 6.1; Cov ntawv lo: 6.1-Cov khoom muaj kuab lom |
| Txoj Kev Purification | Co nws nrog feem ntawm conc H2SO4 kom txog rau thaum cov kua qaub txheej tseem tsis muaj xim, ces ntxuav nrog dej, aqueous 5% Na2CO3, NaHCO3 los yog NaOH, ces dej dua. Ua ntej qhuav nrog CaCl2, thiab distil nws los ntawm CaSO4, CaH2 los yog P2O5. Khaws nws deb ntawm lub teeb ci hauv lub raj mis xim av nrog Linde hom 4A molecular sieves, nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntawm qhuav N2. Lwm cov kauj ruam ua kom huv muaj xws li ntxuav nrog aqueous Na2S2O3, hla ib kem ntawm silica gel, thiab tshem tawm cov carbonyl-muaj impurities raws li tau piav qhia hauv Chloroform. Nws kuj tau raug ntxuav los ntawm kev kho mob nrog cov alumina yooj yim, distillation, thiab khaws cia tshaj molecular sieves hauv nitrogen [Puchot li al. J Am Chem Soc 108 2353 1986]. Dichloromethane los ntawm Nyiv qhov chaw muaj MeOH ua stabilizer uas tsis raug tshem tawm los ntawm distillation. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev sawv ntsug ntawm 3A Molecular Sieves (nco ntsoov tias 4A Sieves ua rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub siab nyob rau hauv lub raj mis), dhau los ntawm activated Al2O3 thiab distilled [Gao li al. J Am Chem Soc 109 5771 1987]. Nws tau muab faib ua feem los ntawm lub platinum spinning band kem, degassed, thiab distilled mus rau degassed molecular sieves Linde 4A (kub nyob rau hauv siab nqus ntawm tshaj 450o kom txog rau thaum lub siab nyeem ntawv mus txog qhov tsawg tus nqi ntawm 10-6 hli , ~{27}} teev ). Stabilize nws nrog 0.02% ntawm 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol [Mohammad & Kosower J Am Chem Soc 93 2713 1971]. [Beilstein 1 IV 35.] Rapid purification: Reflux over CaH2 (5% w/v) thiab distil nws. Khaws nws tshaj 4A molecular sieves. |
| Kev tshuaj ntsuam toxicity | Dichloromethane feem ntau yog tso rau hauv qhov chaw. Nws tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog hydroxyl radicals nrog ib nrab-lub neej ntawm li ob peb hlis. Dichloromethane tso rau hauv dej tuaj yeem evaporated mus rau qhov chaw nrog ib nrab-lub neej ntawm 35.6 h ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua ke. Qee cov dichloromethane hauv dej tuaj yeem biodegraded tag nrho hauv ob peb teev thiab ob peb hnub. Ib feem me me ntawm dichloromethane tso rau hauv dej tuaj yeem degraded los ntawm hydrolysis. Txawm li cas los xij, hydrolysis tsis yog txheej txheem tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso thiab tej zaum yuav siv sij hawm 18 lub hlis los yog ntau tshaj kom degrade tag nrho. Dichloromethane tso rau hauv av yuav mus rau hauv av thiab tom qab ntawd cov huab cua. Ib feem ntawm dichloromethane hauv av yuav xau rau hauv av thiab dej voj voog. DCM ntau lawm thiab siv raws li hnyav, tshuaj nruab nrab, grain fumigant, xim stripper thiab tshem tawm, hlau degreaser, thiab refrigerant yuav ua rau nws tso tawm rau ib puag ncig los ntawm ntau yam pov tseg ntws. Vapor-phase DCM yuav tsum tau degraded nyob rau hauv cov huab cua los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog photochemically ua hydroxyl radicals; lub neej ib nrab ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv huab cua yog kwv yees li ntawm 119 hnub (nyob rau hauv qhov tsis muaj photolysis ncaj qha). Yog tias tso rau hauv av, DCMis xav tias yuav muaj kev txav mus los tau zoo raws li qhov kwv yees Koc ntawm 24. Volatilization los ntawm cov av ntub dej yuav tsum yog txoj hmoo tseem ceeb raws li kev kwv yees Henry txoj cai tsis tu ncua ntawm 3.25 × 10.-3atm ua3mol-1. DCM yuav volatilize los ntawm cov av qhuav raws li nws vapor siab. Biodegradation hauv av yuav tshwm sim. DCM, thaum tso tawm rau hauv dej, tsis xav tias yuav adsorb rau cov khib nyiab thiab cov khib nyiab hauv dej raws li kwv yees Koc. Biodegradation yog ua tau nyob rau hauv cov dej ntuj tab sis tej zaum yuav qeeb heev piv nrog evaporation. |
| Kev tsis sib haum xeeb | Incompatible nrog muaj zog oxidizers, caustics; chemically active hlau, xws li txhuas, magnesium hmoov; poov tshuaj, lithium, thiab sodium; concentrated nitric acid ua rau hluav taws kub thiab tawg txaus ntshai. Kev sib cuag nrog cov chaw kub lossis nplaim hluav taws ua rau tawg ua rau cov pa taws ntawm hydrogen chloride thiab phosgene gas. Tawm tsam qee hom yas, roj hmab thiab txheej txheej. Attacks hlau nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm noo noo. |
| Pov tseg pov tseg | Tham nrog cov koom haum tswj hwm ib puag ncig rau kev taw qhia txog kev coj ua pov tseg. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom pov tseg uas muaj cov kab mob no (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 100 kg / mo) yuav tsum ua raws li EPA cov cai tswj hwm kev khaws cia, kev thauj mus los, kev kho, thiab kev pov tseg pov tseg. Incineration, nyiam dua tom qab sib tov nrog lwm cov roj combustible; kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau siv los ua kom tiav kev sib xyaw kom tsis txhob muaj cov phosgene; ib qho kua qaub txhuam yog tsim nyog los tshem tawm cov halo acids tsim. |
| Kev cai | Ntau qhov kev txiav txim siab tau ua los txo qis kev siv thiab tso tawm ntau yam tsis zoo ntawm cov organic tebchaw, suav nrog dichloromethane. California Air Resources Board yog ib qho ntawm thawj txoj cai tswj hwm dichloromethane; nyob rau hauv 1995, nws txwv cov theem ntawm tag nrho cov volatile organic tebchaw (VOCs) muaj nyob rau hauv aerosol txheej khoom. Cov kev cai tom qab tiv thaiv kev tsim khoom, muag, muab khoom, lossis siv cov khoom siv tshuaj aerosol uas muaj dichloromethane (Air Resources Board, 2001). Kalifonias kuj tau txwv tsis pub tsim khoom, muag, lossis siv tsheb ntxuav thiab degreasing cov khoom uas muaj dichloromethane. Hauv Nyij Pooj, cov qauv zoo ib puag ncig rau dichloromethane hais tias huab cua sab nraum zoov yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 0.15 mg/m3 (Ministry of the Environment Government of Japan, 2014). Cov lus qhia tus nqi ntawm 3 mg / m3 rau 24- teev raug pom zoo los ntawm WHO. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov nruab nrab qhov nruab nrab txhua lub limtiam yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj ib feem xya (0.45 mg/m3) ntawm no 24- teev cov lus qhia (WHO, 2000). Nyob rau hauv European Union, VOC Solvent Emissions Directive (Directive 1999/13/EC) tau muab coj los siv rau kev txhim kho tshiab thiab uas twb muaj lawm rau 31 Lub Kaum Hli 2007 (European Commission, 1999). Cov Lus Cog Tseg yog txhawm rau txo qis kev lag luam emissions ntawm VOCs los ntawm kev siv cov kuab tshuaj, xws li luam ntawv, ntxuav qhov chaw, txheej tsheb, ntxuav kom qhuav, thiab tsim cov khau thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj. Kev teeb tsa ua cov dej num zoo li no yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev txwv tsis pub tshaj tawm lossis nrog cov phiaj xwm txo qis. Cov tswv yim txo qis tso cai rau tus neeg teb xov tooj kom txo qis emissions los ntawm lwm txoj kev, xws li los ntawm kev hloov cov khoom uas muaj cov ntsiab lus hnyav dua lossis hloov mus rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom hnyav. Cov Lus Qhia Cov Lus Qhia tau muab coj los siv hauv xyoo 2010 rau hauv Kev Lag Luam Emission Directive 2010/75/EU (IED). |
| Dichloromethane Kev Npaj Cov Khoom Siv Thiab Cov Khoom Raw |
| Cov khoom nyoos | Methanol-->Chlorine-->METHANE |
| Cov khoom npaj | DIMETHYL PIMELATE-->4-Methylbenzyl isocyanate-->BIS(TRIMETHYLSILYL)PEROXIDE-->TERT-BUTYL N-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)CARBAMATE-->DI-2-PYRIDYL THIONOCARBONATE-->(4-IODOPHENYL)ACETONE-->3-Bromophenyl isocyanate-->Benzyl 2-chloroacetate-->4-Bromothiophene-2-carboxaldehyde-->4-Biphenylcarbonyl chloride-->N,N'-Diphenylurea-->3-ISOCHROMANONE-->PYRROLIDINE-1-SULFONYL CHLORIDE-->Benzoylferrocene-->(S)-(+)-Methyl glycidyl ether-->2-Amino-2,3-dimethylbutyramide-->Tiotropium bromide-->2-Amino-4,6-bis(difluoromethoxy)pyrimidine-->2-CHLORO-5-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYL ISOCYANATE-->2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate-->TERT-BUTYL ISOCYANIDE-->4-DIMETHYLAMINOBENZOYL CHLORIDE-->2-Naphthoyl chloride-->DIBUTYLBORON TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONATE-->Bis(acetonitrile)dichloropalladium(II)-->1-Naphthoyl chloride-->3,5-DIBROMO-1H-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE-->4,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide-->BENZOYL ISOCYANATE-->2,5-DICHLORO-P-XYLENE-->(1,1-DIMETHYL-PROPYL)-HYDRAZINE-->Cyclopentene oxide-->2-Bromo-5-nitro-4-picoline-->1-Adamantanecarbonyl chloride-->Mitomycin C-->Adriamycin-->metaclazepam-->3-METHOXYPHENYLACETYL CHLORIDE-->dimethyl hexadecyl ammoium butayl sulfate-->Cefradine |
Cim npe nrov: Tuam Tshoj dichloromethane manufacturers, lwm tus neeg, Hoobkas
Tug: Hexachloroethane
Tom ntej: Chlorotrifluoroethene
Koj Tseem Yuav Zoo Li
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