Khoom

Acetic acid

Khoom Taw qhia

Acetic acid Cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim

Khoom npe:	Acetic acid
Synonyms:	Ntuj Acetic Acid; Arg-Tyr-OH·; Ac-Phe-Arg-OEt·;Lys-Lys-Lys-OH·; Triityl-1,2-}diaminoethane·;WIJS SOLUTION;WIJS 'SOLUTION ; WIJS chloride
CAS:	64-19-7
MF:	C2H4O2
MW:	60.05
EINECS:	200-580-7
Khoom Categories:	HPLC thiab LCMS Mobile Phase Additive; Acid SolutionsChemical Synthesis; Acid Concentrates; Concentrates (piv txwv li FIXANAL); Organic Acids; Synthetic Reagents; AA rau ALHPLC; A; Alphabetic; HPLC Buffer; HPLC Buffers; HPLC Buffers / CERT; Kev daws teeb meem Acid Solutions; Chemistry; Titration; Volumetric Solutions; 64-19-7
Mol File:	64-19-7.mol

Acetic acid Chemical Properties

Melting point	16.2 degree (lit.)
Boiling point	117-118 degree (lit.)
ceev	1.049 g / mL ntawm 25 degree (lit.)
vapor ceev	2.07 (zeeg)
vapor siab	11.4 hli Hg (20 degree)
Refractive Index	n20 / D 1.371 (lit.)
FEMA	2006\|ACETIC ACID
Fp	104 degree F
cia temp.	Khaws hauv qab +30 degree .
solubility	cawv: miscible (lit.)
daim ntawv	Kev daws
pka ua	4.74 (ntawm 25 degree)
Specific Gravity	1.0492 (20 degree)
xim	tsis muaj xim
PH	3.91 (1 mM tov); 3.39 (10 mM tov); 2.88 (100 mM tov);
tsw	Muaj zog, pungent, vinegar zoo li ntxhiab tsw ntawm 0.2 rau 1.0 ppm
PH Range	2.4 (1. 0M solution)
Ntsig qhov pib	0.006ppm
Hom tshuaj tsw qab	acidic
tawg txwv	4-19.9%(V)
Dej Solubility	miscible
lw max	λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.05 λ: 270 nm Amax: 0.02 λ: 300 nm Amax: 0.01 λ: 500 nm Amax: 0.01
JECFA Number	81
Merck	14,55
BRN	506007
Henry's Law Constant	133, 122, 6.88, thiab 1.27 ntawm pH qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 2.13, 3.52, 5.68, thiab 7.14, raws li (25 degree, Hakuta et al., 1977)
Kev txwv tsis pub dhau	TLV-TWA 10 ppm -25 mg/m³) (ACGIH, OSHA, and MSHA); TLV-STEL 15 ppm (37.5 mg/m³) (UA).
Dielectric tsis tu ncua	4.1 (2 degree)
Kev ruaj ntseg:	Volatile
LogP	-0.170
CAS DataBase Reference	64-19-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference	Acetic acid (64-19-7)
EPA Tshuaj Registry System	Acetic acid (64-19-7)

Cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb

Hazard Codes	C, Xis
Risk Statements	34-42-35-10-36/38
Cov lus hais txog kev nyab xeeb	26-36/37/39-45-23-24/25
RIDADR	UN 1792 8/PG 2
OEB	A
OEL	TWA: 10 ppm (25 mg/m3), STEL: 15 ppm (37 mg/m3)
WGK Germany	3
RTECS	NPE 1650000
F	1-8-10
Autoignition Kub	426 degree
TSCA	Yog lawm
HazardClass	8
PackingGroup	II
HS Code	29152100
Cov Ntaub Ntawv Muaj Xwm Ceev	64-19-7(Cov ntaub ntawv muaj phom sij)
Toxicity	LD50 hauv nas (g / kg): 3.53 qhov ncauj (Smyth)
IDLA	50 ppm

MSDS Cov Ntaub Ntawv

Tus kws kho mob	Lus
Acetic acid glacial	Lus Askiv
SigmaAldrich	Lus Askiv
ACROS	Lus Askiv
ALFA	Lus Askiv

Acetic acid Siv thiab Synthesis

Kev piav qhia	Acetic acid yog cov kua tsis muaj xim lossis siv lead ua nrog qaub, zoo li cov ntxhiab tsw thiab yog ib qho yooj yim carboxylic acids thiab yog ib qho tshuaj reagent siv ntau. Acetic acid muaj ntau daim ntawv thov raws li kev kuaj reagent, hauv kev tsim cov cellulose acetate tsuas yog rau cov duab thaij duab thiab polyvinyl acetate rau cov kua nplaum ntoo, hluavtaws fibers, thiab ntaub ntaub. Acetic acid kuj tau siv loj los ua tus neeg saib xyuas descaling thiab acidity regulator hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus.
Chemical Properties	Acetic acid, CH3COOH, yog cov kua tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj kuab lom ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Cov ntshiab compound, glacial acetic acid, tshuav nws lub npe rau nws cov dej khov zoo li crystalline tsos ntawm 15.6 degree. Raws li feem ntau muab, acetic acid yog 6 N aqueous tov (kwv yees 36%) lossis 1 N tov (kwv yees 6%). Cov no los yog lwm yam dilutions yog siv los ntxiv qhov tsim nyog ntawm acetic acid rau cov khoom noj. Acetic acid yog cov yam ntxwv acid ntawm vinegar, nws cov concentration ntawm 3.5 mus rau 5.6%. Acetic acid thiab acetates muaj nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj cov ntaub so ntswg nyob rau hauv me me tab sis ntes tau. Lawv yog cov metabolic intermediates ib txwm, yog tsim los ntawm cov kab mob xws li Acetobacter thiab tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide los ntawm cov kab mob xws li Clostridium thermoaceticum. Cov nas ua acetate ntawm tus nqi ntawm 1% ntawm nws lub cev hnyav ib hnub. Raws li cov kua tsis muaj xim nrog lub zog, pungent, yam ntxwv vinegar tsw, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv butter, cheese, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo flavors. Cov ntshiab acetic acid tsawg heev yog siv rau hauv cov khoom noj, txawm hais tias nws raug cais los ntawm FDA raws li GRAS khoom. Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov khoom lag luam uas tsis suav nrog Cov Lus Txhais thiab Cov Qauv ntawm Tus Kheej. Acetic acid yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm vinegars thiab pyroigneous acid. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm vinegar, ntau tshaj 27 lab lb tau ntxiv rau cov zaub mov nyob rau hauv 1986, nrog kwv yees li sib npaug zos npaum li cas siv raws li acidulants thiab flavoring agents. Qhov tseeb, acetic acid (raws li vinegar) yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab tshaj plaws. Vinegars yog siv dav hauv kev npaj zaub xam lav hnav khaub ncaws thiab mayonnaise, qaub thiab qab zib pickles thiab ntau cov kua ntses thiab catsups. Lawv kuj tau siv rau hauv kev kho cov nqaij thiab hauv cov kaus poom ntawm qee yam zaub. Hauv kev tsim cov mayonnaise, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ib feem ntawm acetic acid (vinegar) rau ntsev - lossis qab zib-yolk txo cov cua sov ntawm Salmonella. Cov dej sib txuas ntawm cov hnyuv ntxwm feem ntau suav nrog acetic acid lossis nws cov ntsev ntsev, thaum calcium acetate yog siv los khaws cov kev ntxhib los mos ntawm cov zaub qhwv, cov kaus poom.
Lub cev muaj zog	Acetic acid yog ib qho tsis muaj zog carboxylic acid nrog pungent tsw uas tshwm sim ua kua nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub. Tej zaum nws yog thawj cov kua qaub uas yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau. Lub npe acetic los ntawm acetum, uas yog lo lus Latin rau "qaub" thiab hais txog qhov tseeb tias acetic acid yog lub luag haujlwm rau lub iab saj ntawm fermented kua txiv.
Qhov tshwm sim	Tshaj tawm pom nyob rau hauv vinegar, bergamot, cornmint roj, iab txiv kab ntxwv roj, txiv qaub petitgrain, ntau yam khoom siv mis nyuj
Keeb kwm	Vinegar yog dilute aqueous daws ntawm acetic acid. Kev siv cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cov ntaub ntawv zoo hauv keeb kwm yav dhau los, rov qab los tsawg kawg 10, 000 xyoo. Cov neeg Iyiv siv vinegar ua tshuaj tua kab mob thiab ua kua vinegar. Cov neeg Babylonians tau tsim cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo los siv rau hauv cov tshuaj thiab ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum ntxov li 5000 bce Hippocrates (ca. 460-377 bce), hu ua "leej txiv ntawm cov tshuaj," siv vinegar ua tshuaj tua kab mob thiab hauv kev kho mob rau ntau yam mob xws li kub taub hau. , cem quav, ulcers, thiab pleurisy. Oxymel, uas yog ib qho kev kho mob thaum ub rau hnoos, tau ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw zib ntab thiab vinegar. Ib zaj dab neeg sau los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Loos Pliny tus Txwj Laug (ca. 23–79 ce) piav qhia li cas Cleopatra, hauv kev sim ua kom muaj pluas mov kim tshaj plaws, yaj pearls los ntawm ib lub qhwv ntsej hauv vinegar thiab haus cov tshuaj kom yeej ib qho kev twv txiaj.
Siv	Acetic acid tshwm sim hauv vinegar. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub destructive distillation ntawm ntoo. Nws pom ntau daim ntawv thov hauv chemicalindustry. Nws yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov cellulose acetate, acetate rayon, thiab ntau yam acetate thiab acetyl compounds; raws li cov kuab tshuaj rau cov pos hniav, roj, thiab resins; ua zaub mov preservative hauv printing thiab dyeing; thiab nyob rau hauv organicsynthesis.
Siv	Acetic acid yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm acetic acid nrog hydroxyl uas muaj cov ntsiab lus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cawv, ua rau tsim cov acetate esters. Kev siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm acetic acid yog nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov yas acetate. Vinyl acetate tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm acetylene thiab acetic acid. Nws kuj yog tsim los ntawm ethylene thiab acetic acid. Vinyl acetate yog polymerized rau hauv polyvinyl acetate (PVA), uas yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov fibers, films, adhesives, thiab latex xim. Cellulose acetate, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv textiles thiab yees duab zaj duab xis, yog tsim los ntawm reacting cellulose nrog acetic acid thiab acetic anhydride nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm sulfuric acid. Lwm cov esters ntawm acetic acid, xws li ethyl acetate thiab propyl acetate, yog siv ntau yam kev siv. Acetic acid yog siv los tsim cov yas polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Acetic acid yog siv los tsim tshuaj.
Siv	Glacial Acetic Acid yog ib qho acidulant uas yog kua ntshiab, tsis muaj xim uas muaj kua qaub saj thaum diluted nrog dej. Nws yog 99.5% lossis siab dua hauv purity thiab crystallizes ntawm 17 degree c. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv nyias hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv diluted los muab cov acetic acid uas yuav tsum tau. Nws yog siv raws li ib tug preservative, acidulant, thiab flavoring neeg sawv cev. Nws tseem hu ua acetic acid, glacial.
Siv	Acetic acid yog siv los ua rooj vinegar, raws li preservative thiab raws li ib tug intermediate nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj kev lag luam, xws li acetate fibers, acetates, acetonitrile, kws, tshuaj tsw qab, softening agents, dyes (indigo) thiab lwm yam. Cov ntaub ntawv cov khoom
Siv	kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam acetates, acetyl compounds, cellulose acetate, acetate rayon, plastics thiab roj hmab hauv tanning; raws li khaub ncaws qaub; luam ntawv calico thiab dyeing silk; raws li acidulant thiab preservative nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj; hnyav rau cov pos hniav, resins, roj volatile thiab ntau lwm yam khoom. Siv dav hauv kev lag luam organic syntheses. Pharmaceutic pab (acidifier).
Txhais	ChEBI: Acetic acid yog ib qho yooj yim monocarboxylic acid uas muaj ob lub carbons. Nws muaj lub luag haujlwm ua cov kuab tshuaj protic, cov khoom noj acidity regulator, tshuaj tua kab mob cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab daphnia magna metabolite. Nws yog conjugate acid ntawm ib qho acetate.
Txoj kev tsim khoom	Alchemists siv distillation kom mloog zoo acetic acid kom siab purities. Ntshiab acetic acid feem ntau hu ua glacial acetic acid vim nws khov me ntsis hauv qab chav sov ntawm 16.7 degree (62 degree F). Thaum cov fwj ntawm cov ntshiab acetic acid khov rau hauv cov chaw kuaj mob txias, cov muaju zoo li cov dej khov ua rau lub raj mis; Yog li lub sij hawm glacial tau txuam nrog cov ntshiab acetic acid. Acetic acid thiab vinegar tau npaj lawm kom txog rau thaum xyoo pua 19th. Xyoo 1845, German ChemistHermann Kolbe (1818-1884) tau ua tiav cov acetic acid los ntawm carbon disulfide (CS)₂). Kolbe txoj haujlwm tau pab tsim thaj chaw ntawm cov organic synthesis thiab dispelled lub tswv yim ntawm vitalism. Vitalism yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus uas lub zog tseem ceeb cuam tshuam nrog lub neej yog lub luag haujlwm rau tag nrho cov organic tshuaj. Acetic acid yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev lag luam tshuaj npaj thiab loj-scale zus tau tej cov acetic acid tshwm sim los ntawm ob peb txheej txheem. Txoj kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev npaj ismethanol carbonylation. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, methanol reacts nrog carbon monoxide muab aceticacid: CH₃OH_(l)+ CO_(g)→ CH₃COOH_(aq). Vim tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum muaj kev kub siab (200atmospheres), txoj kev no tsis tau siv kom txog rau thaum xyoo 1960, thaum kev txhim kho tshwj xeeb catalysts tso cai rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mus rau qis dua. Cov txheej txheem methanol carbonylation tsim los ntawm Monsanto dais lub tuam txhab lub npe. Qhov thib ob feem ntau txoj kev los ua ke acetic acid yog los ntawm catalytic oxidation ntawm acetaldehyde: 2 CH₃CHO_(l) + O_2(g)→ 2 CH₃COOH_(aq). Butane kuj yuav raug oxidized rau acetic acid raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: 2 C₄H_10(l) +5O_2(g)→ 4 CH₃COOH_(aq) + 2H₂O_(l). Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm acetic acid ua ntej Monsanto txheej txheem. Nws yog nqa tawm ntawm qhov kub ntawm kwv yees li 150 degree thiab 50 atmospheres siab.
Hom lub npe	Vosol (Carter-Wallace).
Aroma pib qhov tseem ceeb	Aroma yam ntxwv ntawm 1.0%: qaub pungent, cider vinegar, me ntsis malty nrog ib tug xim av nuance.
Saj pib qhov tseem ceeb	Cov yam ntxwv saj ntawm 15 ppm: qaub, acidic tangy.
Kev piav qhia dav dav	Ib qho xim tsis muaj xim aqueous. tsw zoo li vinegar. Ceev 8.8 lb / gal. Corrosive rau hlau thiab ntaub so ntswg.
Cua & Dej Reactions	Dilution nrog dej tso ib co cua sov.
Reactivity Profile	ACETIC ACID, [AQUEOUS SOLUTION] reacts exothermically nrog tshuaj hauv paus. Ua rau oxidation (nrog cua sov) los ntawm cov oxidizing muaj zog. Dissolution nyob rau hauv dej moderates cov tshuaj reactivity ntawm acetic acid, A 5% tov ntawm acetic acid yog zoo tib yam vinegar. Acetic acid forms explosive mixtures with p-xylene and air (Shraer, BI 1970. Khim. Prom. 46(10):747-750.).
Hazard	Corrosive; raug me me tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv loj heev; tej zaum yuav ua rau ntuav, raws plab, los ntshav thiab tso zis; plawv tsis ua hauj lwm thiab tuag.
Health Hazard	Glacial acetic acid yog corrosive heev. Kev sib cuag nrog lub qhov muag tuaj yeem ua rau mob me me mus rau nruab nrab ntawm tib neeg. Kev sib cuag nrog daim tawv nqaij yuav ua rau hlawv. Kev noj cov kua qaub no tuaj yeem ua rau lub qhov ncauj thiab lub plab zom mov. Cov mob toxicity yog ntuav, raws plab, ulceration, los ntshav los ntawm txoj hnyuv thiab circulatory vau. Kev tuag yuav tshwm sim los ntawm koob tshuaj siab (20–30 mL), thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg tuaj yeem hnov los ntawm kev noj 0.1–0.2 mL. Tus nqi ntawm qhov ncauj LD50 hauv nas yog 3530 mg / kg (Smyth 1956). Glacial acetic acid yog tshuaj lom rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu los ntawm kev nqus tau thiab sib cuag ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Inhumans, raug 1000 ppm rau ob peb feeb yuav ua rau qhov muag thiab ua pa ua pa. Cov luav tau tuag los ntawm 4-teev exposureto qhov siab ntawm 16,000 ppm hauv huab cua.
Flammability thiab Explosibility	Acetic acid yog ib yam khoom siv hluav taws xob (NFPA ntsuam xyuas=2). Cov cua sov tuaj yeem tso cov vapors uas tuaj yeem ua rau ignited. Vapors lossis gases tuaj yeem taug kev deb mus rau qhov chaw taws teeb thiab "flash rov qab." Acetic acid vapor tsim cov khoom tawg sib xyaw nrog huab cua ntawm qhov siab ntawm 4 txog 16% (los ntawm ntim). Cov pa roj carbon dioxide lossis cov tshuaj tua hluav taws qhuav yuav tsum tau siv rau hluav taws kub acetic acid.
Kev siv tshuaj	Glacial thiab diluted acetic acid daws tau dav siv los ua cov tshuaj acidifying hauv ntau hom tshuaj thiab kev npaj zaub mov. Acetic acid yog siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj raws li qhov tsis muaj qhov system thaum ua ke nrog cov ntsev acetate xws li sodium acetate. Acetic acid kuj tau lees tias muaj qee yam tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob.
Kev Siv Agricultural	Tshuaj tua kab mob, fungicide, microbiocide; Metabolite, Veterinary Medicine: Ib hom tshuaj tua kab mob siv los tswj cov nyom, cov ntoo ntoo thiab cov nplooj dav dav ntawm cov tawv tawv thiab hauv cov cheeb tsam uas tsis nquag cog qoob loo; raws li ib tug kws kho tsiaj.
Lub npe lag luam	ACETUM®; ACI-JEL®; ECOCLEAR®; NATURAL WEED SPRAY® No. Ib; VOSOL®
Kev ruaj ntseg Profile	Ib tug tib neeg tshuaj lom los ntawm ib tug unspecified txoj kev. Muaj tshuaj lom los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev. Qhov muag loj thiab tawv nqaij khaus. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau kub hnyiab, lachrymation, thiab conjunctivitis. Tib neeg cov kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev noj: kev hloov hauv cov hlab pas, ulceration, los yog los ntshav los ntawm cov hnyuv me thiab loj. Human systemic irritant teebmeem thiab mucous membrane irritant. Kev sim ua kom muaj menyuam. Cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv tau tshaj tawm. Ib hom pa paug. Ib tug flammable kua. Ib qho hluav taws kub thiab tawg muaj kev phom sij thaum raug tshav kub lossis nplaim taws; tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv oxidizing. Txhawm rau tua hluav taws, siv CO2, tshuaj qhuav qhuav, cawv ua npuas ncauj, ua npuas ncauj thiab pos huab. Thaum rhuab mus decomposition nws emits irritating fumes. Muaj peev xwm tawg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog 5azidotetrazole, bromine pentafluoride, chromium trioxide, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, sodium peroxide, thiab phosphorus trichloride. Muaj peev xwm ua phem rau acetaldehyde thiab acetic anhydride. Ignites ntawm kev sib cuag nrog potassium tert-butoxide. Tsis sib haum nrog chromic acid, nitric acid, 2-amino-ethanol, NH4NO3, ClF3, chlorosulfonic acid, (O3 + diallyl methyl carbinol), ethplenediamine, ethylene imine, (HNO3 + acetone) , oleum, HClO4, permanganates, P (OCN) 3, KOH, NaOH, xylene
Kev nyab xeeb	Acetic acid yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev siv tshuaj feem ntau los kho cov pH ntawm formulations thiab yog li feem ntau suav hais tias yog nontoxic thiab nonirritant. Txawm li cas los xij, glacial acetic acid los yog cov kev daws teeb meem uas muaj ntau tshaj 50% w / w acetic acid hauv dej los yog cov kuab tshuaj organic yog suav tias yog corrosive thiab tuaj yeem ua rau tawv nqaij, qhov muag, qhov ntswg, thiab qhov ncauj. Yog hais tias nqos glacial acetic acid ua rau mob plab heev zoo ib yam li qhov tshwm sim los ntawm hydrochloric acid. Dilute acetic acid daws uas muaj txog li 10% w/w ntawm acetic acid tau siv topically tom qab jellyfish stings.Dilute acetic acid daws uas muaj txog li 5% w/w ntawm acetic acid kuj tau siv topically kho qhov txhab thiab kub hnyiab tau nrog. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Qhov qis tshaj plaws ntawm qhov ncauj koob tshuaj ntawm glacial acetic acid hauv tib neeg tau tshaj tawm tias yog 1470 mg / kg.Qhov qis tshaj plaws ntawm kev nqus pa hauv tib neeg tau tshaj tawm tias yog 816 ppm. Tib neeg, txawm li cas los xij, kwv yees siv kwv yees li 1 g / hnub. acetic acid los ntawm kev noj haus. LD₅₀(nas, IV): 0.525 g/kg LD₅₀(Lavbit, tawv nqaij): 1.06 g / kg LD₅₀(rat, qhov ncauj): 3.31 g / kg
Synthesis	Los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov ntoo los ntawm acetylene thiab dej thiab los ntawm acetaldehyde los ntawm oxidation tom ntej nrog huab cua. Pure acetic acid yog tsim los ntawm ntau cov txheej txheem sib txawv. Raws li dilute daws, nws tau los ntawm cawv los ntawm "Quick-Vinegar Process." Cov khoom me me yog tau los ntawm cov dej cawv pyroigneous acid tau txais nyob rau hauv kev puas tsuaj distillation ntawm cov ntoo tawv. Nws yog tsim los ntawm synthetically nyob rau hauv high yields los ntawm oxidation ntawm acetaldehyde thiab ntawm butane, thiab raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov khoom ntawm methanol thiab carbon monoxide. Vinegars yog tsim los ntawm cider, txiv hmab txiv ntoo (los yog wine), sucrose, qabzib los yog malt los ntawm cov cawv thiab acetous fermentations. Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, kev siv lo lus "vinegar," uas tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus tsim nyog, txhais tau tias tsuas yog cider vinegar. Txawm hais tias 4 mus rau 8% kev daws ntawm cov kua qaub ntshiab yuav muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo ib yam li cider vinegar, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim nyog raws li cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, vim nws yuav tsis muaj lwm yam khoom nkag tau yooj yim ntawm cider vinegar. Hauv Great Britain, malt vinegar tau teev tseg. Nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe, wine vinegar yog ntau hom ntau yam
Ntxim yuav nphav raug	Acetic acid yog dav siv los ua cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg rau kev tsim cov yas yas, acetic anhydride, acetone, acetanilide, acetyl chloride, ethyl cawv, ketene, methyl ethyl ketone, acetate esters, thiab cellulose acetates. Nws kuj yog siv ib leeg hauv cov xim, roj hmab, tshuaj, khoom noj khoom haus, textile, thiab ntxhua khaub ncaws industries. Nws yog siv, thiab; nyob rau hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm Paris ntsuab, dawb lead, tint yaug, yees duab tshuaj, stain removers, insecticides, thiab yas.
Carcinogenicity	Acetic acid yog cov qog nqaij hlav tsis muaj zog heev nyob rau hauv ntau theem nas ntawm daim tawv nqaij qauv rau cov tshuaj carcinogenesis, tab sis tau zoo heev hauv kev txhim kho qog noj ntshav thaum siv thaum lub sij hawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus qauv. Poj niam SENCAR nas tau pib nrog cov tshuaj pleev ib ce ntawm 7, 12-dimethylbenzanthracene thiab 2 lub lis piam tom qab tau nce qib nrog 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol- 13-acetate, ob zaug ib lub lim tiam rau 16 lub lis piam. Kev kho mob nrog acetic acid pib 4 lub lis piam tom qab (40 mg glacial acetic acid hauv 200mL acetone, ob zaug ib lub lim tiam) thiab txuas ntxiv rau 30 lub lis piam. Ua ntej kev kho mob nrog acetic acid, txhua pawg nas muaj kwv yees li tib tus naj npawb ntawm papillomas ntawm qhov chaw raug. Tom qab 30 lub lis piam ntawm kev kho mob, nas kho nrog acetic acid muaj 55% hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm daim tawv nqaij papillomas rau carcinomas dua cov nas uas kho tsheb. Kev xaiv cytotoxicity rau qee lub hlwb hauv papilloma thiab kev them nyiaj nce ntxiv hauv cell proliferation tau suav tias yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws.
Qhov chaw	Tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov kav dej phwj hauv tsev ntawm qhov ntau ntawm 2.5 txog 36 mg / L (quoted, Verschueren, 1983). Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov kua swine manure sau los ntawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg muaj acetic acid ntawm qhov concentration ntawm 639.9 mg / L (Zahn li al., 1997). Acetic acid tau txheeb xyuas tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam ntawm cov organic chiv. Kev kuaj pom tau pom tau pom nyob rau hauv 18 ntawm 21 composts muab rho tawm nrog dej. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm 0.14 mmol / kg hauv cov ntoo shaving + nqaij qaib quav quav rau 18.97 mmol / kg hauv cov mis nyuj tshiab. Qhov nruab nrab tag nrho cov concentration yog 4.45 mmol / kg (Baziramakenga thiab Simard, 1998). Acetic acid was formed when acetaldehyde in the presence of oxygen was subjected to continuous irradiation (λ >2200 ?) ntawm chav tsev kub (Johnston thiab Heicklen, 1964). Acetic acid tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau hom nroj tsuag xws li Merrill paj (Telosma cordata), nyob rau hauv uas nws tau kuaj pom ntawm ib tug concentration ntawm 2,610 ppm (Furukawa li al., 1993). Tsis tas li ntawd, acetic acid tau kuaj pom hauv cov noob cacao (1,520 txog 7,100 ppm), celery, blackwood, blueberry kua txiv (0.7 ppm), pineapples, licorice cag (2 ppm), txiv hmab txiv ntoo (1,500 txog 2,000 ppm) , dos qij, oats, nees chestnuts, coriander, ginseng, kua txob kub, linseed (3,105 rau 3,853 ppm), ambrette, thiab chocolate vines (Duke, 1992). Pom tau tias yog oxidative degradation khoom nyob rau hauv headspace ntawm ib tug siv cav roj (10–30W) tom qab 4,080 mais (Levermore li al., 2001).
Environmental txoj hmoo	Tshuaj lom neeg.Nyob ze Wilmington, NC, cov khib nyiab organic uas muaj acetic acid (sawv cev 52.6% ntawm tag nrho cov organic yaj hauv cov pa roj carbon) tau txhaj rau hauv cov dej hauv dej uas muaj dej ntsev mus rau qhov tob ntawm kwv yees li 1, 000 ko taw hauv qab av. Cov tiam ntawm cov khoom siv roj (hydrogen, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, thiab methane) qhia tias acetic acid thiab tej zaum lwm cov khoom pov tseg, tau anaerobically degraded los ntawm cov kab mob (Leenheer li al., 1976). Nroj tsuag. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg thaum lub sijhawm 2-h fumigation, EC50 qhov tseem ceeb rau alfalfa, soybean, nplej, haus luam yeeb, thiab pob kws yog 7.8, 20.1, 23.3, 41.2, thiab 50.1 mg / m³, raws li (Thompson et al., 1979). Photolytic.Photooxidation ib nrab-lub neej ntawm 26.7 d yog raws li kev sim txiav txim siab tus nqi tas li ntawm 6 x 10^-13cm³/molecule?sec ntawm 25 degree rau vapor-phase cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm acetic acid nrog OH radicals hauv huab cua (Atkinson, 1985). Hauv cov tshuaj aqueous, tus nqi tas li rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm acetic acid nrog OH radicals tau txiav txim siab yog 2.70 x 10.^-17cm³/molecule?sec (Dagaut et al., 1988). Tshuaj / Lub cev.Ozonolysis ntawm acetic acid nyob rau hauv cov dej distilled ntawm 25 degree yielded glyoxylic acid uas oxidized nkag mus rau oxalic acid ua ntej yuav oxidation ntxiv ua carbon dioxide. Ozonolysis nrog UV irradiation txhim kho kev tshem tawm ntawm acetic acid (Kuo li al., 1977).
khaws cia	Acetic acid yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas tsis muaj ignition qhov chaw, thiab ntau tshaj li 1 liters yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv lub kaw ntom nti hlau ntim nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam sib cais los ntawm oxidizers.
Kev xa khoom	UN2789 Acetic acid, glacial lossis Acetic acid tov, nrog .80% acid, los ntawm huab hwm coj, phom sij: 8; Cov ntawv lo: 8-Cov khoom siv corrosive, 3- cov kua ua kua. UN2790 acetic acid tov, tsis yog ,50% tab sis tsis yog .80% acid, los ntawm huab hwm coj, phom sij: 8; Cov ntawv lo: 8-Cov khoom siv corrosive; acetic acid tov, nrog .10% thiab ,50%, los ntawm huab hwm coj, phom sij: 8; cov ntawv lo: 8-Cov khoom siv corrosive
Txoj kev Purification	Ib txwm impurities yog cov kab ntawm acetaldehyde thiab lwm yam oxidisable tshuaj thiab dej. (Glacial acetic acid yog hygroscopic heev. Lub xub ntiag ntawm {{0}}.1% dej txo nws cov m los ntawm 0.2o.) Purify nws los ntawm kev ntxiv ib co acetic anhydride rau react nrog dej tam sim no, Ua kom sov nws rau 1 teev kom qis qis hauv qhov muaj 2g CrO3 ib 100mL thiab tom qab ntawd fractionally distil nws [Orton & Bradfield J Chem Soc 960 1924, Orton & Bradfield J Chem Soc 983 1927]. Hloov chaw CrO3, siv 2-5% (w/w) ntawm KMnO4, thiab boil nyob rau hauv reflux rau 2-6 teev. Cov kab dej tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm refluxing nrog tetraacetyl diborate (npaj los ntawm kev ua kom sov 1 feem ntawm boric acid nrog 5 qhov chaw (w / w) ntawm acetic anhydride ntawm 60o, txias, thiab lim tawm, tom qab ntawd distillation [Eichelberger & La Mer J Am Chem Soc 55 3633 1933] Cov neeg ua kom qhuav muaj xws li anhydrous CuSO4 thiab chromium triacetate: P2O5 hloov qee cov acetic acid rau cov anhydride tshem tawm cov dej los ntawm distillation nrog thiophene-dawb * benzene lossis nrog butyl acetate tau siv [Birdwhistell & Griswold J Am Chem Soc 77 873 1955. [Beilstein 2 H 96, 2 IV 94.] Cov txheej txheem ceev: Ntxiv 5% acetic anhydride, thiab 2% ntawm CrO3 reflux thiab fractionally distil.
Kev tshuaj ntsuam toxicity	Acetic acid muaj nyob thoob plaws qhov xwm txheej raws li ib txwm metabolite ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu. Acetic acid kuj tseem tuaj yeem raug tso tawm rau ib puag ncig hauv ntau yam khoom pov tseg, hauv cov pa tawm los ntawm cov txheej txheem combustion, thiab hauv cov pa tawm los ntawm cov roj av thiab diesel xyaw. Yog tias tso tawm rau huab cua, lub vapor siab ntawm 15.7 mmHg ntawm 25 degree qhia tias acetic acid yuav tsum muaj nyob ib leeg raws li vapor nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ib puag ncig. Vapor-phase acetic acid yuav degraded nyob rau hauv cov huab cua los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog photochemically ua hydroxyl radicals; ib nrab-lub neej rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv huab cua yog kwv yees li 22 hnub. Kev tshem tawm lub cev ntawm vapor-phase acetic acid los ntawm cov huab cua tshwm sim los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntub dej raws li qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov sib xyaw no hauv dej. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv acetate, acetic acid kuj tau kuaj pom nyob rau hauv atmospheric particulate khoom. Yog hais tias tso rau hauv av, acetic acid yuav tsum muaj siab heev mus rau nruab nrab kev txav mus los raws li kev ntsuas Koc qhov tseem ceeb, siv ze ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv sediments, xws li 6.5 mus rau 228. Tsis muaj kev kuaj pom tau raug ntsuas rau acetic acid siv ob qho piv txwv ntawm cov av sib txawv thiab ib qho. pas dej sediment. Volatilization los ntawm cov av ntub dej tsis xav tias yuav yog txoj hmoo tseem ceeb raws li kev ntsuas Henry txoj cai tsis tu ncua ntawm 1 × 10- 9 atmm3 mol-1. Volatilization los ntawm cov av qhuav tej zaum yuav tshwm sim raws li vapor siab ntawm cov compound no. Biodegradation nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si av thiab dej yuav tsum ceev; Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tshuaj lom neeg tau txiav txim siab tias acetic acid biodegrades yooj yim nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si aerobic thiab anaerobic mob. Volatilization los ntawm qhov chaw dej tsis xav tias yuav yog txoj hmoo tseem ceeb raws li nws ntsuas Henry txoj cai tas li. Kev kwv yees kab mob colony foraging (BCF) ntawm<1 suggests that the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb	Acetic acid reacts nrog alkaline tshuaj.
Pov tseg pov tseg	Dissolve los yog sib tov cov khoom nrog ib tug combustible solvent thiab hlawv nyob rau hauv ib tug chemical incinerator nruab nrog ib tug afterburner thiab scrubber. Tag nrho tsoom fwv teb chaws, xeev, thiab cheeb tsam ib puag ncig cov cai yuav tsum raug soj ntsuam
Txoj Cai Tswjfwm	GRAS teev. Txais raws li cov khoom noj khoom haus additive nyob teb chaws Europe. Muaj nyob rau hauv FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (kev txhaj tshuaj, qhov ntswg, ophthalmic, thiab qhov ncauj npaj). Muaj nyob rau hauv parenteral thiab nonparenteral npaj muaj ntawv tso cai nyob rau hauv UK.

Acetic acid Kev npaj cov khoom thiab cov ntaub ntawv raw

Cov khoom siv raw

Ethanol-->Methanol-->Nitrogen-->Iodomethane-->Oxygen-->Activated carbon-->CARBON MONOXIDE-->Potassium dichromate-->Butyric Acid-->PETROLEUM ETHER-->PASSION FLOWER OIL-->Acetylene-->Acetaldehyde-->Mercury-->n-Butane-->Cobalt acetate-->(2S)-1-(3-Acetylthio-2-methyl-1-oxopropyl)-L-proline-->5-(Acetamido)-N,N'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodo-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide--> Manganese(II) acetate-->Mixed acid

Cov khoom npaj

Hydroxy silicone oil emulsion-->Dye-fixing agent G-->1H-INDAZOL-7-AMINE-->5-Nitrothiophene-2-carboxylic acid-->4-BROMOPHENYLUREA-->3-Amino-4-bromopyrazole-->3-Hydroxy-2,4,6-tribromobenzoic acid-->2,3-Dimethylpyridine-N-oxide-->N-(6-CHLORO-3-NITROPYRIDIN-2-YL)ACETAMIDE-->Ethyltriphenylphosphonium acetate-->2-ACETYLAMINO-5-BROMO-6-METHYLPYRIDINE-->ISOQUINOLINE N-OXIDE-->2-Amino-5-bromo-4-methylpyridine-->ETHYLENEDIAMINE DIACETATE-->Zirconium acetate-->Chromic acetate-->γ-L-glutamyl-1-naphthylamide-->6-NITROPIPERONAL-->Levothyroxine sodium-->DL-GLYCERALDEHYDE-->METHYL-(3-PHENYL-PROPYL)-AMINE-->6-Nitroindazole-->3,3-Bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)indoline-2-on-->2-Bromo-2′-hydroxyacetophenone-->ALLOXAN MONOHYDRATE-->4-CHLORO-3-METHYL-1H-PYRAZOLE-->7-Nitroindazole-->5-BROMO-2-HYDROXY-3-METHOXYBENZALDEHYDE-->3,5-Dibromosalicylic acid-->4,5-Dichloronaphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic anhydride-->α-Bromocinnamaldehyde-->4-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PHENYL THIOCYANATE-->10-Nitroanthrone-->Ethyl trichloroacetate-->1,3-Dithiane-->Cellulose diacetate plastifier-->4-(1H-PYRROL-1-YL)BENZOIC ACID-->(1R,2R)-(+)-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane L-tartrate-->Benzopinacole-->4-BROMOCATECHOL

Cim npe nrov: Tuam Tshoj acetic acid manufacturers, lwm tus neeg, Hoobkas

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Tom ntej: Fluotitanic Acid

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