| Keeb kwm |
Pom tau los ntawm Gregor hauv 1791; npe los ntawm Klaproth hauv 1795. Impure titanium tau npaj los ntawm Nilson thiab Pettersson hauv 1887; Txawm li cas los xij, cov hlau ntshiab (99.9%) tsis tau ua kom txog thaum xyoo 1910 los ntawm Hunter los ntawm cua sov TiCl4 nrog sodium hauv lub foob pob hlau. Titanium muaj nyob rau hauv meteorites thiab nyob rau hauv lub hnub. Pob zeb tau txais thaum lub sijhawm Apollo 17 lub luag haujlwm lunar pom muaj 12.1% TiO2. Kev soj ntsuam ntawm pob zeb tau txais thaum lub sijhawm ua ntej Apollo missions qhia qis feem pua. Titanium oxide bands yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov spectra ntawm M-hom hnub qub. Lub ntsiab yog cuaj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub crust ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Titanium yuav luag ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb igneous thiab nyob rau hauv cov sediments muab los ntawm lawv. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov minerals rutile, ilmenite, thiab sphene, thiab muaj nyob rau hauv titanates thiab nyob rau hauv ntau cov hlau ore. Kev tso nyiaj ntawm ilmenite thiab rutile muaj nyob hauv Florida, California, Tennessee, thiab New York. Australia, Norway, Malaysia, Is Nrias teb, thiab Tuam Tshoj kuj yog cov chaw muag khoom loj ntawm titanium minerals. Titanium muaj nyob rau hauv tshauv ntawm thee, nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag, thiab nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Cov hlau yog qhov xav paub hauv chav kuaj kom txog rau thaum Kroll, xyoo 1946, pom tias titanium tuaj yeem ua lag luam los ntawm kev txo cov titanium tetrachloride nrog magnesium. Txoj kev no feem ntau siv los ua cov hlau niaj hnub no. Cov hlau tuaj yeem ua kom huv los ntawm decomposing iodide. Titanium, thaum ntshiab, yog ib qho lustrous, dawb hlau. Nws muaj qhov ntom ntom tsis muaj zog, lub zog zoo, yog yooj yim bricated, thiab muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion. Nws yog ductile nkaus xwb thaum nws tsis muaj oxygen. Cov hlau kub hnyiab hauv huab cua thiab yog tib lub caij uas hlawv hauv nitrogen. Titanium yog resistant rau dilute sulfuric thiab hydrochloric acid, feem ntau cov organic acids, moist chlorine gas, thiab chloride daws. Ntuj titanium muaj tsib isotopes nrog atomic masses ntawm 46 mus rau 50. Txhua yam yog ruaj khov. Kaum yim lwm yam tsis ruaj khov isotopes paub. Cov hlau yog dimorphic. Daim ntawv hexagonal hloov mus rau daim ntawv cubic qeeb heev ntawm txog 880 degree . Cov hlau ua ke nrog cov pa oxygen thaum kub kub, thiab nrog cov tshuaj chlorine ntawm 550 degree. Titanium yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua tus neeg sawv cev alloying nrog txhuas, molybdenum, manganese, hlau, thiab lwm yam hlau. Alloys ntawm titanium feem ntau yog siv rau dav hlau thiab cuaj luaj uas lub teeb yuag thiab muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias yog qhov tseem ceeb. Titanium muaj zog npaum li cov hlau, tab sis 45% sib dua. Nws yog 60% hnyav dua li txhuas, tab sis ob zaug muaj zog. Titanium muaj peev xwm siv tau rau hauv cov nroj tsuag desalination rau hloov dej hiav txwv rau hauv dej tshiab. Cov hlau muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau dej hiav txwv thiab yog siv rau cov kiv cua shafts, rigging, thiab lwm yam ntawm cov nkoj raug dej ntsev. Lub titanium anode coated nrog platinum tau siv los muab kev tiv thaiv cathodic los ntawm corrosion los ntawm dej ntsev. Titanium hlau yog suav tias yog lub cev tsis muaj zog; Txawm li cas los xij, titanium hmoov yuav ua rau muaj mob carcinogenic. Thaum ntshiab, titanium dioxide yog qhov tseeb thiab muaj qhov ntsuas siab heev ntawm refraction nrog qhov muag pom kev tawg siab dua pob zeb diamond. Nws yog tsim artificially rau siv raws li ib tug gemstone, tab sis nws kuj yog mos. Lub hnub qub sapphires thiab rubies nthuav tawm lawv cov asterism vim muaj TiO2. Titanium dioxide feem ntau siv rau cov xim tsev thiab cov xim pleev xim, vim nws yog ruaj khov thiab muaj lub zog npog zoo. Titanium oxide pigment tso nyiaj rau kev siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm lub caij. Titanium xim yog ib qho zoo heev reflector ntawm infrared, thiab yog dav siv nyob rau hauv solar observatories qhov twg tshav kub ua rau pom tsis zoo tej yam kev mob. Titanium tetrachloride yog siv los iridize iav. Qhov sib xyaw ua ke no ua pa tawm hauv huab cua thiab tau siv los tsim cov ntxaij vab tshaus pa luam yeeb. Tus nqi ntawm titanium hlau (99.9%) yog kwv yees li $ 1100 / kg. |
