| Chemical Properties |
dej tsis muaj xim |
| Chemical Properties |
Picolines yog cov kua uas tsis muaj xim. Muaj zog, tsis kaj siab, zoo li pyridine tsw. "Picoline" feem ntau yog siv los ua cov isomers sib xyaw. |
| Qhov tshwm sim |
3-Methylpyridine raug tso tawm thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov fossil fuels. Nws yog tsim raws li ib tug byproduct ntawm coke ntau lawm (Naizer thiab Mashek 1974); yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv coal gasification dej khib nyiab (Giabbai li al 1985); yog cov kab mob ntawm cov dej hauv av nyob ze cov chaw siv hluav taws xob hauv av (Stuermer thiab Morris 1982); yog ib feem ntawm cov dej hauv av uas muaj cov coal-tar pov tseg (Pereira li al 1983); thiab muaj nyob rau hauv cov dej khib nyiab roj (Hawthorne thiab Sievers 1984; Hawthorne li al 1985). Nws yog tsim los ntawm pyrolysis ntawm ntoo (Yasuhara thiab Sugiura 1987) thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov luam yeeb (IARC 1986; Sakuma li al 1984) thiab tshuaj maj (Merli et al 1981) haus luam yeeb. 3-Methylpyridine yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm thermal degradation ntawm nicotine nyob rau hauv cov luam yeeb (Schmelz li al 1979). Cov tshuaj tseem muaj nyob rau hauv brewed kas fes (Sasaki li al 1987) thiab tshuaj yej dub (Werkoff thiab Hubert 1975). 3-Methylpyridine tau raug kuaj pom nrog rau lwm cov micropollutants hauv Barcelona dej (Rivera li al 1987). Cov txheej txheem rau kev kho cov dej khib nyiab siab hauv cov tshuaj tau tsim (Roubiskova 1986). Lub biodegradability ntawm 3-methylpyridine tau kawm nyob rau hauv ntau yam av (Sims thiab Sommers 1985, 1986). |
| Siv |
Ib qho tseem ceeb ua ntej rau agrochemicals thiab tshuaj tua kab mob rau organophosphate lom. |
| Siv |
Solvent; nruab nrab hauv cov dye thiab resins industries; hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj tiv thaiv dej, niacin, thiab niacinamide. |
| Siv |
3-Picoline yog siv los ua tus thawj coj hauv kev lag luam tshuaj thiab kev ua liaj ua teb. Nws ua haujlwm ua ntej rau 3-cyanopyridine, niacin, vitamin-B. Nws yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob rau organophosphate lom. |
| Txhais |
ChEBI: 3-methylpyridine yog methylpyridine uas yog pyridine hloov los ntawm pawg methyl ntawm txoj hauj lwm 3. |
| Txoj kev tsim khoom |
Muaj peb txoj hauv kev loj ntawm 3-methylpyridine manufacturing: (1) vaporphase cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm acetaldehyde thiab ammonia nrog formaldehyde thiab/los yog methanol nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm acidic catalyst (xws li Si02A103); (2) rho tawm ntawm pob txha roj; (3) qhuav distillation ntawm pob txha lossis thee (Hawley 1977; Parmeggiani 1983). |
| Kev piav qhia dav dav |
Cov kua tsis muaj xim nrog cov ntxhiab tsw qab. |
| Cua & Dej Reactions |
Heev Flammable. Dej soluble. |
| Reactivity Profile |
3-Picoline tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv oxidizing. Neutralizes acids nyob rau hauv exothermic tshua los tsim ntsev ntxiv rau dej. Tej zaum yuav tsis sib haum nrog isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, thiab acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen tuaj yeem tsim ua ke nrog cov tshuaj txo qis, xws li hydrides. |
| Health Hazard |
TSEEM CEEB yog tias nqos, nqus tau lossis nqus los ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Cov ntaub ntawv yog heev puas tsuaj rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub mucous daim nyias nyias thiab lub Upper pa ib ntsuj av, qhov muag thiab daim tawv nqaij. Kev nqus pa tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus vim qhov mob spasm, o ntawm lub ntsws thiab bronchi, tshuaj pneumonitis thiab pulmonary edema. Cov tsos mob ntawm kev kis tau muaj xws li kub hnyiab, hnoos, hawb pob, laryngitis, ua tsis taus pa luv, mob taub hau, xeev siab thiab ntuav. |
| Health Hazard |
Cov tsos mob ntawm intoxication tshwm sim los ntawm alkyl derivatives ntawm pyridine xws li poob phaus, raws plab, tsis muaj zog, ataxia thiab tsis nco qab (RTECS 1988). Tshuaj lom nyob rau hauv ib tug txiv neej muaj hnub nyoog 32 xyoo raug kev lag luam vapors yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm autonomic cuam tshuam rau asthenic keeb kwm yav dhau (angiodystonia, nyiam mus rau hypotonia thiab bradycardia, nce pilomotor reflex, thiab cuam tshuam ntawm thermoregulation) thiab los ntawm polyneuritic phenomena (Budanova 1973).
Ib tug txiv neej muaj hnub nyoog 58-xyoo ua haujlwm raug rau 3-methylpyridine rau 11 xyoo pom tias muaj kev nce hauv daim siab glutamic pyruvic transaminase thiab glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (Caballeria et al 1979). |
| Hluav Taws Xob |
Kev phom sij tshwj xeeb ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob: Cov vapors tuaj yeem taug kev deb mus rau qhov chaw ntawm qhov hluav taws kub thiab flashback. Tsim cov khoom tawg hauv cov huab cua. Emits pa phem nyob rau hauv hluav taws kub. |
| Flammability thiab Explosibility |
Flamable |
| Kev siv tshuab |
{{{0}}Methylpyridine tuaj yeem siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj, ib qho nruab nrab hauv kev lag luam dyeing thiab resin industries, nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj tua kab, raws li ib tug waterproofing neeg sawv cev, nyob rau hauv synthesis ntawm pharmaceuticals, li roj hmab accelerators thiab ib tug kuaj reagent ( Hawley 1977; Windholz et al 1983). Nws kuj yog siv los ua tshuaj nruab nrab rau niacin thiab niacinamide (anti-pellagra vitamins) ntau lawm. US ntau lawm xyoo 1978 yog kwv yees ntawm 1.32-2.07xl07kg (HSDB 1988). |
| Kev ruaj ntseg Profile |
Tshuaj lom los ntawm txoj hlab ntshav thiab intraperitoneal. Muaj tshuaj lom los ntawm kev noj tshuaj. Flammable thaum raug tshav kub los yog nplaim taws; tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv oxidizing. Thaum rhuab mus rau decomposition nws emits cov pa phem ntawm NOx. |
| Synthesis |
Nyob rau hauv vapor-phase cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshaj nickel-muaj catalyst nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm hydrogen, 2-methylglutaronitrile muab 3-methylpiperidine, uas tom qab ntawd undergoes dehydrogenation tshaj palladium - alumina muab 3-methylpyridine:
Ib kauj ruam roj-theem cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshaj palladium-muaj catalyst tau tshaj tawm tias muab 3-methylpyridine hauv 50% tawm los. |
| Ntxim yuav nphav raug |
(o-isomer); Kev puas tsuaj rau cov kab mob reprotoxic, Thawj irritant (w / o tsis haum tshuaj), (m-isomer): Muaj peev xwm tsim cov qog, Primary irritant (w / o allergic reaction). Picolines yog siv los ua intermediates hauv kev tsim tshuaj, tshuaj tua kab; thiab hauv kev tsim cov dyes thiab roj hmab chemicals. Nws kuj yog siv los ua kuab tshuaj. |
| Carcinogenicity |
Tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb txhim khu kev qha hauv cov tsiaj nyeg los ntsuas qhov muaj peev xwm carcinogenic ntawm ib qho ntawm peb methylpyridines tau pom. Tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov methylpyridines tau teev tseg tias yog carcinogen los ntawm IARC, NTP, OSHA, lossis ACGIH. |
| Metabolism |
Methylpyridines tuaj yeem nqus tau los ntawm kev nqus pa, nqus thiab nqus ntawm daim tawv nqaij (Parmeggiana 1983). Qhov feem pua ntawm cov khoom noj ntawm 3-methylpyridine los ntawm cov nas tau nce nrog ntau npaum li cas; Kev tshem tawm tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 2 theem, lub sij hawm uas kuj yog nyob ntawm koob tshuaj (Zharikov thiab Titov 1982). Ntxiv ntawm ib pawg methyl rau pyridine ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv hauv siab, raum thiab hlwb ntawm nas (Zharikov li al 1983). Txoj hauj lwm ntawm pawg methyl ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj pharmacokinetics ntawm methylpyridines, nrog 3-methylpyridine nthuav tawm qhov ntev tshaj plaws ntawm cov roj ntsha ib nrab.
N-Oxidation yog ib txoj hauv kev me me rau 3-methylpyridine biotransformation nrog 6.6, 4.2, thiab 0.7% biotransformation ntawm koob, feem, raug tso tawm hauv cov zis ntawm nas, nas thiab guinea npua tau txais ip koob tshuaj tshuaj (Gorrod thiab Damani 1980). Kev tso zis ntawm 3-methylpyridine N-oxide tau nce ntxiv tom qab kev kho cov nas nrog phenobarbital tab sis 3-methylcholanthrene tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tshem tawm N-oxide (Gorrod thiab Damani 1979a, 1979b). Cov qauv ntawm 3-methylpyridine N-oxide tau raug txheeb xyuas los ntawm pawg spectrometry (Cowan li al 1978). |
| Kev xa khoom |
UN2313 Picolines, Hazard Class: 3; Cov ntawv lo: 3-Flammable kua. |
| Txoj Kev Purification |
Feem ntau, tib txoj kev ua kom huv huv uas tau piav qhia rau 2-methylpyridine tuaj yeem siv. Txawm li cas los xij, 3-methylpyridine feem ntau muaj 4-methylpyridine thiab 2,6-lutidine, ob qho tib si tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev ziab thiab fractionation, lossis los ntawm kev siv ZnCl2 complex. Biddiscombe thiab Handley [J Chem Soc 1957 1954], tom qab chav distillation li rau 2-methylpyridine, kho cov seem nrog urea kom tshem tawm 2, 6-lutidine, ces azeotropically distilled nrog acetic acid (lub azeotrope muaj b 114.5o / 712mm), thiab rov qab tau lub hauv paus los ntawm kev ntxiv ntau tshaj ntawm aqueous 30% NaOH, ziab nrog cov khoom NaOH thiab ua tib zoo fractionally distilling. Lub distillate yog ces fractionally crystallized los ntawm qeeb ib nrab freezing. Lwm txoj kev kho mob [Reithoff et al. Ind Eng Chem (Anal Edn) 18 458 1946] yog kom reflux lub hauv paus crude (500mL) rau 20-24teev nrog ib tug sib tov ntawm acetic anhydride (125g) thiab phthalic anhydride (125g) ua raws li los ntawm distillation kom txog thaum phthalic anhydride pib hla dhau. Cov distillate yog kho nrog NaOH (250g hauv 1.5L dej) thiab tom qab ntawd steam distilled. Ntxiv cov khoom NaOH (250g) rau qhov distillate (ca 2L) ua rau kev sib cais ntawm 3-methylpyridine uas raug tshem tawm, qhuav (K2CO3, ces BaO) thiab fractionally distilled. (Tom qab fractional freezing tej zaum yuav zoo dua.) Cov hydrochloride muaj m 85o, thiab cov picrate muaj m 153o (los ntawm Me2CO, EtOH los yog H2O). [Beilstein 20 III/IV 2710, 20/5 V 506.] |
| Kev tsis sib haum xeeb |
Cov vapors tuaj yeem tsim tawg sib xyaw nrog huab cua. Tsis sib haum nrog oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, thiab lwm yam); kev sib cuag tej zaum yuav ua rau hluav taws kub los yog tawg. Khaws kom deb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv alkaline, muaj zog hauv paus, muaj zog acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Attacks tooj liab thiab nws cov alloys. |
