| Kev piav qhia |
Sorbic acid, tseem hu ua herbal tshuaj yej acid, 2, 4-hexadienoic acid, 2-propenyl acrylic acid, nrog rau cov mis molecular C6H8O2, yog ib qho khoom noj additive uas muaj inhibitory cuam tshuam rau ntau yam fungi xws li poov xab thiab pwm. . Nws kuj yog siv rau hauv tsiaj pub, tshuaj pleev ib ce, tshuaj, ntim khoom thiab roj hmab additives. |
| Chemical Properties |
(E,E)-2,4-Hexadienoic acid muaj cov yam ntxwv tsw. |
| Chemical Properties |
Dawb, crystalline khoom. Me ntsis soluble hauv dej thiab ntau cov kuab tshuaj organic. Hluav taws kub. |
| Keeb kwm |
Sorbic acid yog dawb crystalline khoom thawj zaug nyob rau hauv 1859 los ntawm hydrolysis ntawm cov roj distilled los ntawm unripened roob tshauv berries. Lub npe yog muab los ntawm lub sij hawm scientific rau tsob ntoo rowan, Sorbus aucuparia Linne, uas yog niam txiv cog ntawm roob tshauv. Sorbic acid tau tsim thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1900. Kev txaus siab ntawm qhov sib xyaw no tsawg heev kom txog thaum cov kws tshawb fawb ywj pheej, E. Mueller ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab CM Gooding ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, nrhiav pom nws cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv xyoo 1939 thiab 1940, raws li. Kev txaus siab thaum ntxov hauv kev tsim cov sorbic acid nyob ib puag ncig nws siv los hloov cov roj tung thaum cov khoom siv roj tung tau raug txo qis hauv Tebchaws Meskas thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II. Cov nqi tsim khoom siab txwv tsis pub nthuav dav siv kom txog thaum nws pom zoo ua zaub mov khaws cia hauv xyoo 1953. Sorbic acid tau siv dav hauv cov khoom noj uas muaj pH ntawm 6.5 lossis qis dua, qhov twg tswj cov kab mob, pwm, thiab cov poov xab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kom tau txais kev nyab xeeb thiab txuag lub neej. |
| Siv |
sorbic acid yog ib qho dav-spectrum, uas tsis yog-tshuaj lom preservative tiv thaiv pwm thiab poov xab nrog me ntsis sensitizing peev xwm nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce tawm. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cov concentrations ntawm 0.1 mus rau 0.3 feem pua, thiab nws cov dej num yog nyob ntawm tus formulation tus pH. Sorbic acid yog siv los hloov glycerin hauv emulsions, tshuaj pleev, thiab ntau yam tshuaj pleev ib ce. Nws yog tau los ntawm berries ntawm tsob ntoo feem ntau hu ua roob tshauv thiab rowan, thiab tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Sorbic acid tuaj yeem ua rau khaus. |
| Siv |
Sorbic Acid yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv uas zoo tiv thaiv cov poov xab thiab pwm. nws ua tau zoo tshaj ph ntau txog ph 6.5, ua tsis tau zoo saum ph 7.0. nws yog cov hmoov dawb, dawb-ntws uas yog me ntsis soluble hauv dej nrog solubility ntawm 0.16 g hauv 100 ml dej ntawm 20 degree c. nws solubility nyob rau hauv dej nce nrog nce kub, txawm hais tias nws tsis pom zoo nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj uas pasteurized vim hais tias nws tawg nyob rau hauv high kub. Cov ntsev yog poov tshuaj, calcium, thiab sodium sorbate. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cheese, jelly, dej haus, syrup, thiab pickles. Cov kev siv feem ntau ntawm 0.05 txog 0.10%. |
| Siv |
Sorbic Acid yog ib qho tshwm sim ntawm cov organic sib xyaw ua ntej cais tawm ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis siav. Sorbic acid tau siv los ua zaub mov noj thiab ua ib qho inhibitor ntawm Clostridium Botulinum kab mob hauv cov khoom mea t thiaj li yuav txo tau cov nitrites uas tsim carcinogenic nitroamines. |
| Siv |
Pwm thiab poov xab inhibitor. Fungistatic tus neeg sawv cev rau cov khoom noj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cheese. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov roj kom qhuav. Hauv alkyd hom txheej los txhim kho gloss. Txhawm rau txhim kho milling yam ntxwv ntawm cov roj hmab txias. Saib kuj Potassium Sorbate. |
| Txhais |
ChEBI: Ib qho sorbic acid uas muaj kev sib txuas ob npaug ntawm txoj haujlwm 2 thiab 4; khoom noj khoom haus preservative uas yuav induce cutaneous vasodilation thiab stinging raws li tshuaj pleev ib ce rau tib neeg. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thermodynamically ruaj khov ntawm plaub qhov ua tau geometri isomers ua tau, nrog rau ib qho uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab tshaj plaws. |
| Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv |
Cov tshuaj reactivity ntawm sorbic acid yog txiav txim los ntawm lub conjugated ob daim ntawv cog lus thiab pawg carboxyl.
Sorbic acid yog brominated sai dua li lwm cov olefinic acids. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog hydrogen chloride muab ntau tshaj 5-chloro-3-hexenoic acid. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog amines ntawm qhov kub thiab txias nyob rau hauv lub siab ua rau cov sib tov ntawm dehydro-2-piperidinones. Lub daj crystalline complex yog tsim los ntawm sorbic acid thiab hlau tricarbonyl. Kev sib koom tes zoo sib xws kuj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv muaj lwm yam di- thiab trivalent hlau. Kev txo qis ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus tuaj yeem tsim ntau yam sib xyaw hexenoic acid. |
| Biotechnological ntau lawm |
Niaj hnub no, sorbic acid yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj synthesis. Txawm li cas los xij, fermentation thiab tshuaj synthesis tuaj yeem ua ke los tsim txoj hauv kev tshiab rau sorbic acid. Hauv thawj kauj ruam, cov piam thaj yuav hloov mus rau triacetic acid lactone los ntawm fermentation. Nws tau pom tias triacetic acid lactone tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev hloov kho caj ces E. coli thiab S. cerevisiae hom. Tom qab sib cais los ntawm fermentation broth, triacetic acid lactone yuav hloov mus rau hauv butyl sorbate nyob rau hauv ib tug multistage catalyst system (catalysis-hydrogenation thiab khoom acid catalysis). Tom qab ntawd, butyl sorbate yuav raug ntxuav thiab hydrolyzed rau sorbic acid. Cov xwm txheej sib txawv raug txheeb xyuas los ntsuas kev lag luam muaj peev xwm ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. |
| Synthesis Reference (cov) |
Chemistry Letters, 10, p. 1289, 1981 ib
Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 3 ib,p. 783, 1955 ib
Tetrahedron Letters, 22, p. Peb 69, 1981DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(81)80043-3 |
| Kev piav qhia dav dav |
Dawb hmoov los yog siv lead ua. Melting point 134.5 degree. Me ntsis acidic thiab astringent saj nrog faint tsw. |
| Cua & Dej Reactions |
Soluble hauv dej kub [ Phau Ntawv Qhia Chemistry thiab Physics]. Tej zaum yuav hnov mob rau huab cua thiab cua sov. Cov plua plav yuav ua rau tawg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum sib xyaw nrog cov dawb-radical pib lossis oxidizing cov neeg ua haujlwm. . |
| Reactivity Profile |
Sorbic acid tuaj yeem hloov xim thaum raug lub teeb. Nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj oxidizing. Kuj tsis sib haum nrog cov hauv paus thiab txo cov neeg ua haujlwm. Cov plua plav tuaj yeem ua rau tawg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum sib xyaw nrog cov dawb radical pib lossis oxidizing cov neeg ua haujlwm. |
| Hluav Taws Xob |
Sorbic acid yog combustible. |
| Biochem/physiol Actions |
Sorbic acid tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv kab mob, poov xab thiab fungal sulfhydryl enzymes los ntawm inhibiting amino acid uptake. |
| Toxicology |
Sorbic acid thiab nws cov ntsev muaj broad-spectrum kev tiv thaiv cov poov xab thiab pwm, tab sis tsis tshua muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm sorbic acid tau tshawb pom ntawm nws tus kheej hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees xyoo 1939, thiab txij li thaum nruab nrab -1950s sorbates tau siv ntau dua los ua cov khoom noj khoom haus. Sorbates feem ntau tau pom zoo tshaj rau benzoate rau kev khaws cia ntawm margarine, ntses, cheese, qhob cij, thiab ncuav mog qab zib. Sorbic acid thiab nws cov poov tshuaj ntsev yog siv nyob rau hauv tsawg concentrations los tswj pwm thiab poov tshuaj loj hlob nyob rau hauv cheese khoom, ib co ntses thiab nqaij cov khoom, txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab, zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo dej haus, ci zaub mov, pickles, thiab wines. Sorbic acid yog xyaum tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Table 10.4 qhia tias mob toxicity ntawm sorbic acid thiab nws cov poov tshuaj ntsev. Cov kev tshawb fawb tsiaj tsis tau pom muaj teeb meem pom tseeb hauv kev sim ua nrog cov koob tshuaj loj rau lub sijhawm ntev. Thaum sorbic acid (40 mg / kg / hnub) tau txhaj ncaj qha rau hauv plab ntawm cov txiv neej thiab poj niam nas rau 20 lub hlis, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ciaj sia taus, kev loj hlob, lossis kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov nas txhaj tshuaj thiab kev tswj hwm. Thaum cov koob tshuaj tau nce mus rau 80 mg / kg / hnub rau peb lub hlis ntxiv, txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov kev loj hlob inhibition tau pom. Thaum cov poov tshuaj sorbate (1 thiab 2% hauv pub) tau pub rau dev rau peb lub hlis, tsis pom muaj kab mob txawv txav. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj no qhia tau hais tias qhov subacute toxicity ntawm sorbic acid yog negligible.
Raws li cov khoom noj khoom haus tshiab tshiab, sorbate tau raug rau cov kev ntsuas tshuaj lom neeg nruj heev. Nws tuaj yeem yog qhov kev tshawb fawb ntau tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov khoom noj khoom haus tshuaj. Hauv 90-hnub kev kawm pub mis rau nas thiab dev thiab kev kawm pub mis rau nas, 5% kev noj zaub mov qib ntawm sorbates tau txais tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm 10% kev noj zaub mov hauv 120- hnub kev kawm pub mis, nas pom tau tias muaj kev loj hlob thiab nce siab hnyav. Qhov no tau raug ntaus nqi rau tus nqi caloric ntawm sorbate ntawm cov kev noj zaub mov siab no vim nws tuaj yeem ua raws li cov substrate rau ib txwm catabolic metabolism hauv cov tsiaj. Sorbates tsis yog mutagenic los yog tumorigenic, thiab raws li tau sau tseg yav dhau los, tsis muaj kev sib deev toxicity tau pom. |
| Kev ruaj ntseg Profile |
Muaj tshuaj lom los ntawm intraperitoneal thiab subcutaneous txoj kev. Mob me me los ntawm kev noj tshuaj. Kev sim ua kom muaj menyuam. Ib tug neeg hnyav heev thiab sim tawv nqaij irritant. Cov lus nug carcinogen nrog cov ntaub ntawv sim tumorigenic. Cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv tau tshaj tawm. Combustible thaum raug tshav kub los yog nplaim taws; tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog oxidizing cov ntaub ntawv. Txhawm rau tua hluav taws, siv dej. Thaum rhuab mus rau decomposition nws emissions pa luam yeeb thiab irritating fumes. |
| Carcinogenicity |
Wistar nas (rau tus txiv neej) tau txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous ntawm 2mg sorbic acid, hauv 0.5mL ntawm arachis roj ob zaug ib lub lim tiam rau 65 lub lis piam tsim cov sarcomas hauv zos . Thawj cov qog tau pom ntawm 82 lub lis piam. Cov kev tshawb pom zoo sib xws kuj tau pom nyob rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav tom qab. Txawm li cas los xij, rau 6 tus nas Wistar khaws cia hauv cov dej haus uas muaj 10 mg ntawm sorbic acid / 100mL haus dej rau 64 lub lis piam tsis tsim cov qog. Cov qog kuj tseem tsis tau pom nyob rau hauv Wistar nas (50 ntawm txhua tus poj niam txiv neej) ntawm cov khoom noj uas muaj 40 mg / kg / hnub ntawm sorbic acid rau 18 lub hlis lossis hauv 25 txiv neej thiab poj niam hla cov nas dawb tom qab noj 40 mg / kg / hnub rau 17 muaj.
Cov nas noj zaub mov uas muaj 15% sorbic acid rau 88 lub lis piam pom tias muaj mob hepatoma. Tsis tas li ntawd, qib glutathione nyob rau hauv daim siab ntawm cov nas uas noj 15% sorbic acid txo mus rau 40% ntawm cov nyiaj pom nyob rau hauv kev tswj tom qab ib tug 3- lub hlis pub mis; qhov qis qis no tau khaws cia kom txog thaum kawg ntawm qhov kev sim ntawm 12 lub hlis. Muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov kev txo qis ntawm glutathione hauv lub siab thiab qhov concentration ntawm sorbic acid ntxiv rau kev noj haus. Hauv tib hom nas noj cov zaub mov uas muaj 15% sorbic acid txog li 6 lub hlis, cov kua qaub feem ntawm ether extract tau pom me ntsis mutagenic hauv kev kuaj Ames nrog Salmonella typhimurium TA98 nyob rau hauv lub siab 9000- g supernatant. Yog li ntawd, cov hepatomas uas tsim nyob rau hauv nas tau noj 15% sorbic acid noj tau raug txiav txim siab los ntawm ob qho tib si los ntawm cov kab mob siab glutathione thiab maj mam tsim ntau yam promutagens hauv txoj hnyuv, uas tau nqus thiab ua kom lub siab ua haujlwm ntawm lub siab. . |
| khaws cia |
+4 degree |
| Txoj Kev Purification |
Crystallize cov kua qaub los ntawm dej. Qhuav nws cua los yog nyob rau hauv ib tug desiccator tshaj P2O5. [Beilstein 2 IV 1701.] |
