Khoom Taw qhia
| Pyridine Basic cov ntaub ntawv |
| Chemical Structure Chemical Properties Productions Siv cov ntaub ntawv Toxicity Hazards References |
| Khoom npe: | Pyridine |
| Synonyms: | pyridinecarboxylicacid, 2-(4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1h-imidazol{ {9}}yl)-5-methyl; pyridinecarboxylicacid, 2-(4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl){{ 17}}oxo-1h-imidazol-2-yl)-5-methyl,monoammoniumsalt; Rcra pov tseg tus lej U196; rcrawastenumberu196; FEMA 2932; FEMA 2966; FEMA NUMBER 2966; azabenzene |
| CAS: | 110-86-1 |
| MF: | C5H5N |
| MW: | 79.1 |
| EINECS: | 203-809-9 |
| Khoom Categories: | Amber iav fwj; NMR; Lub raj mis hnyav; Cov kuab tshuaj los ntawm daim ntawv thov; Cov kuab tshuaj los ntawm hom; Cov Kev Xaiv Ntim Ntim; Biotech SolventsSolvents; Lub raj mis hnyav; Cov kuab tshuaj; Tseeb / foob? Lub raj mis; Spectrophotometric Qib; Spectrophotometric Solvents; Spectroscopy Solvents (IR; UV / Vis); Organostannes; Tributylstanny; Chemistry; PS; Alpha Sort; Volatiles / Semivolatiles; Amber iav fwj; ReagentPlus (R) Cov Khoom Ruaj Ntseg ;ACS Qib Solvents; CHROMASOLV PlusCHROMASOLV Solvents (HPLC, LC-MS); CHROMASOLV(R) Plus; LC-MS Plus thiab Gradient; Alphabetic; P; PU - PZ; Pyridine; Organohalides; Boronic ester; Organoborons; OrganosilaneAC; -Ntau cov kuab tshuaj; ACS QibSolvents; Carbon Steel Cans nrog NPT Xov; Rov qab Cov Thawv Cov Ntsiab Lus; ACS thiab Reagent Grade Solvents; ReagentPlus; ReagentPlus Solvent Grade Products; Biotech Solvents; Nco ntsoov / Foob lub raj mis; ACS Qib; Kev siv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas dav dav; Analytical/Chromatography; Multi-Compendial; Puriss pa; Puriss pa ACS; PVC Coated Fwj; Aluminium Fwj; CHROMASOLV Plus; Chromatography Reagents &;HPLC &; HPLC Plus Qib Cov Ntsiab Lus (CHROMASOLV); HPLC / UHPLCSOLV (CROMASOLV); Cov kuab tshuaj (CHROMASOLV); ACS Qib Solvents; Carbon Steel Cans nrog NPT Threads; Semi-Bulk Solvents; Halogenated; Fluorinated; Tsev Blocks; Boronic acid; Carboxy; Alkoxy; Kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas rau kev siv dav dav; OP, Puriss pa; Puriss pa; OP , Puriss pa ACS; Puriss pa ACS; Cov raj mis Txhuas; Cov ntawv sau npe; Flavors thiab Fragrances; OP; Spectrophotometric Grade Solvents; Spectrophotometric GradeSolvents; PVC Coated Fwj; ReagentPlus (R) Cov Khoom Siv Qib Qib Cov Khoom Uas Sov 1 hydrous Solvents; Anhydrous Grade Solvents 1. };bc0001 |
| Mol File: | 110-86-1.mol |
 |
|
| Pyridine Chemical Properties |
| Melting point | -42 degree (lit.) |
| Boiling point | 115 degree (lit.) |
| ceev | 0.978 g/mL ntawm 25 degree (lit.) |
| vapor ceev | 2.72 (vs huab cua) |
| vapor siab | 23.8 hli Hg (25 degree) |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.509 (lit.) |
| FEMA | 2966|PYRIDINE |
| Fp | 68 degree F |
| cia temp. | Khaws ntawm +5 degree rau +30 degree . |
| solubility | H2O: raws li txoj cai |
| pka ua | 5.25 (ntawm 25 degree) |
| daim ntawv | Ua kua |
| xim | tsis muaj xim |
| tsw | Nauseating tsw pom tau ntawm 0.23 txog 1.9 ppm (txhais tau tias=0.66 ppm) |
| kwv tij polarity | 0.302 |
| PH | 8.81 (H2O, 20 degree) |
| tawg txwv | 12.4% |
| Odor Threshold | 0.063ppm |
| Hom tshuaj tsw qab | ntses |
| Dej Solubility | Miscible |
| FreezingPoint | -42 degree |
| lw max | λ: 305 nm Amax: 1.00 λ: 315 nm Amax: 0.15 λ: 335 nm Amax: 0.02 λ: {{0}} nm Amax: 0.01 |
| Merck | 14,7970 |
| BRN | 103233 |
| Henry's Law Constant | 18.4 ntawm 30 degree (headspace-GC, Chaintreau li al., 1995) |
| Kev txwv tsis pub dhau | TLV-TWA 5 ppm ({2}} mg/m3) (ACGIH, MSHA, thiab OSHA); STEL 10 ppm (ACGIH), IDLH 3600 ppm (NIOSH). |
| Dielectric tsis tu ncua | 12.5 (20 degree) |
| Kev ruaj ntseg: | ruaj khov. Flamable. Incompatible nrog muaj zog oxidizing neeg sawv cev, muaj zog acids. |
| InChIKey | JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| LogP | 0.64 ntawm 20 degree |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 110-86-1(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Pyridine (110-86-1) |
| IARC | 2B (Vol. 77, 119) 2019 |
| EPA Tshuaj Registry System | Pyridine (110-86-1) |
| Cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb |
| Hazard Codes | T, N, F, Xn |
| Risk Statements | 11-20/21/22-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-52-36/38 |
| Cov lus hais txog kev nyab xeeb | 36/37/39-38-45-61-28A-26-28-24/25-22-36/37-16-7 |
| OEB | A |
| OEL | TWA: 5 ppm (15 mg/m3) |
| RIDADR | UN 1282 3/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
| RTECS | UA 8400000 |
| F | 3-10 |
| Autoignition Kub | 482 degree |
| Ceeb toom | Heev Flammable/Homful |
| TSCA | Yog lawm |
| HS Code | 2933 31 00 |
| HazardClass | 3 |
| PackingGroup | II |
| Cov Ntaub Ntawv Muaj Xwm Ceev | 110-86-1(Cov ntaub ntawv muaj phom sij) |
| Toxicity | LD50 qhov ncauj hauv nas: 1.58 g / kg (Smyth) |
| IDLA | 1, 000 ppm |
| MSDS Cov Ntaub Ntawv |
| Tus kws kho mob | Lus |
|---|---|
| SigmaAldrich | Lus Askiv |
| ACROS | Lus Askiv |
| ALFA | Lus Askiv |
| Pyridine Siv thiab Synthesis |
| Chemical Structure | Pyridine yog ib qho yooj yim heterocyclic organic compound nrog cov tshuaj formula C5H5N. Nws muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog benzene, nrog ib pawg methine (=CH−) hloov los ntawm nitrogen atom. Lub nplhaib pyridine tshwm sim hauv ntau lub tebchaw tseem ceeb, suav nrog azines thiab cov vitamins niacin thiab pyridoxine. Pyridine Lewis qauv |
| Cov khoom siv tshuaj | Pyridine yog cov kua uas tsis muaj xim tsis muaj nplaim taws nrog lub zog thiab tsis hnov tsw zoo li ntses. Pyridine |
| Kev tsim tawm | 2.1 Sib cais los ntawm Tar Pyridine hauv paus yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm tars. Lawv raug cais tawm ntawm cov thee tar lossis cov pa roj ua ntej tsim cov txheej txheem tsim khoom. Cov nyiaj uas muaj nyob rau hauv thee tar thiab thee gas yog me me, thiab cov pyridine bases cais los ntawm lawv yog ib tug sib tov ntawm ntau yam. Yog li, nrog qee qhov kev zam, kev cais tawm ntawm cov ntshiab pyridine hauv paus yog kim. Niaj hnub no, yuav luag tag nrho cov pyridine hauv paus yog tsim los ntawm synthesis.2.2 Chichibabin synthesis  Fig. 2-1Tsim cov acrolein los ntawm acetaldehyde thiab formaldehyde  Fig. 2-2Condensation ntawm pyridine los ntawm acrolein thiab acetaldehyde Chichibabin pyridine synthesis tau tshaj tawm xyoo 1924 thiab tseem siv hauv kev lag luam. Acetaldehyde thiab formaldehyde teb nrog ammonia kom muab cov pyridine tsuas yog. Ua ntej, acrolein yog tsim nyob rau hauv Knoevenagel condensation los ntawm acetaldehyde thiab formaldehyde. Tom qab ntawd nws yog condensed nrog acetaldehyde thiab ammonia rau hauv dihydropyridine, thiab ces oxidized nrog ib tug solid-state catalyst rau pyridine. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv feem ntau yog ua tiav ntawm 350-550° C thiab qhov chaw nrawm ntawm 500-1000 h-1nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug khoom acid catalyst (piv txwv li, silica-alumina). Cov khoom lag luam muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm pyridine, yooj yim methylated pyridines (picoline), thiab lutidine. Cov pyridine zoo tau raug cais tawm los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv ntau theem.  Fig. 2-3Flow daim ntawv ntawm pyridine thiab methylpyridine ntau lawm los ntawm acetaldehyde thiab formaldehyde nrog ammonia. A) Reactor; b) Tus sau; c) Kev rho tawm; d) Solvent distillation; e) Distillation 2.3 Dealkylation ntawm Alkylpyridines Pyridine tuaj yeem npaj tau los ntawm dealkylation ntawm alkylated pyridines, uas tau txais los ntawm cov khoom lag luam hauv cov khoom sib txuas ntawm lwm cov pyridines. Lub oxidative dealkylation yog ua los ntawm kev siv cua tshaj vanadium(V) oxide catalyst, los ntawm vapor-dealkylation ntawm nickel-based catalyst, los yog hydrodealkylation nrog ib tug silver-los yog platinum-based catalyst. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm pyridine txog li 93% tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog cov nickel-based catalyst. 2.4 Synthesis ntawm Nitriles thiab Acetylene Cov tshuaj ua kua theem ntawm nitriles nrog acetylene yog nqa tawm ntawm 120-180 ?C thiab 0.8-2.5 MPa nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm organocobalt catalyst thiab muab 2- hloov pyridines :  Fig. 2-4Synthesis ntawm 2-methylpyridine los ntawm nitriles thiab acetylene Lub trimerization ntawm ib feem ntawm nitrile molecule thiab ob feem ntawm acetylene rau hauv pyridine yog hu ua Bönnemann cyclization. Thaum siv acetonitrile li nitrile, 2-methylpyridine tau txais, uas tuaj yeem ua rau pyridine. 2.5 Synthesis los ntawm Acrylonitrile thiab Ketones  Fig. 2-5Synthesis ntawm 2-methylpyridine los ntawm acrylonitrile thiab acetone Synthesis los ntawm acrylonitrile thiab acetone muab 2-methylpyridine xaiv, uas yuav dealklated rau pyridine. Ua ntej, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm acrylonitrile thiab acetone, catalyzed los ntawm ib tug thawj aliphatic amine xws li isopropylamine thiab ib tug qaug zog acid xws li benzoic acid, tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov kua theem ntawm 180 ?C thiab 2.2 MPa muab 5-oxohexanenitrile, nrog 91 % kev xaiv. Kev hloov pauv acrylonitrile yog 86%. Tom qab ntawd cyclization thiab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm cov khoom pib yog ua nyob rau hauv cov roj theem nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm hydrogen tshaj ib tug palladium, npib tsib xee, los yog cobalt-muaj catalyst ntawm 240?C kom muab 2-methylpyridine nyob rau hauv 84% tawm los. 2.6 Synthesis los ntawm Dinitriles Hauv vapor-phase cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshaj cov nickel-muaj catalyst nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm hydrogen, 2-methylglutaronitrile muab 3-methylpiperidine, uas tom qab ntawd dehydrogenation dhau palladium -alumina muab 3-methylpyridine. Thiab 3-methylpyridine kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau pyridine.  Fig. 2-6Synthesis ntawm 2-methylpyridine los ntawm Dinitriles Ib theem roj-theem cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshaj li palladium-muaj catalyst tau tshaj tawm tias muab 3-methylpyridine hauv 50% tawm los. 2.7 Biosynthesis Ob peb pyridine derivatives ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov kab mob lom. Thaum nws cov biosynthesis tsis to taub tag nrho, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) tshwm sim hauv qee cov kab mob, fungi, thiab tsiaj txhu. Cov tsiaj nyeg synthesize nicotinic acid los ntawm oxidation ntawm cov amino acid tryptophan, qhov twg cov khoom nruab nrab, aniline, tsim cov pyridine derivative, kynurenine. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, cov kab mob Mycobacterium tuberculosis thiab Escherichia coli tsim nicotinic acid los ntawm condensation ntawm glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate thiab aspartic acid. 2.8 Lwm txoj kev Ethylene thiab ammonia tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm palladium complex catalyst muab 2-methylpyridine thiab MEP. Pyridine tuaj yeem npaj los ntawm cyclopentadiene los ntawm ammoxidation, lossis los ntawm 2-pentenenitrile los ntawm cyclization thiab dehydrogenation. Furfuryl cawv los yog furfural reacts nrog ammonia nyob rau hauv lub gas theem muab pyridine. 2-Methylpyridine kuj tau npaj los ntawm aniline. |
| Siv | 3.1 Cov kuab tshuaj Pyridine(110-86-1) yog ib qho polar, yooj yim, qis-reactive hnyav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau dehydrochlorination tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab rho tawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Hauv kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, pyridine ua raws li lub hauv paus ntawm kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab khi cov txiaj ntsig hydrogen halide los tsim cov ntsev pyridinium. Hauv esterifications thiab acylations, pyridine activates carboxylic acid halides los yog anhydrides. 3.2 Tshuaj Pyridine cov qauv tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam tshuaj uas yog synthesized ua tsaug rau ib feem ntawm pyridine. Ib qho piv txwv yog cov tshuaj hu ua esomeprazole, lub npe hu ua Nexium. Qhov no yog cov tshuaj uas siv los kho GERD, lossis kab mob gastroesophageal reflux. Lwm qhov piv txwv ntawm pyridine uas muaj tshuaj yog loratadine, feem ntau paub los ntawm nws lub npe ntawm Claritin. Loratadine pab kho kev ua xua. 3.3 Tshuaj tua kab Kev siv tseem ceeb ntawm pyridine yog ua ntej rau cov tshuaj herbicides paraquat thiab diquat. Thawj kauj ruam ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab tshuaj chlorpyrifos muaj cov chlorination ntawm pyridine. Pyridine kuj yog qhov pib sib xyaw rau kev npaj ntawm pyrithione-raws li fungicides. Cetylpyridinium thiab laurylpyridinium, uas tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm pyridine nrog Zincke cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, yog siv los ua cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov khoom siv hauv qhov ncauj thiab kho hniav. Pyridine tau yooj yim tawm tsam los ntawm cov tshuaj alkylating kom muab N-alkylpyridinium ntsev. Ib qho piv txwv yog cetylpyridinium chloride.  Daim duab 3-1 Synthesis ntawm paraquat 3.4 Synthesis ntawm piperidine Piperidine, ib qho tseem ceeb nitrogen heterocycle, yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Piperidines yog tsim los ntawm hydrogenation ntawm pyridine nrog ib tug npib tsib xee-, cobalt-, los yog ruthenium-raws li catalyst nyob rau hauv siab kub. C5H5N + 3 H2 → C5H10NH3.5 Ligand thiab Lewis puag Pyridine yog dav siv los ua ligand hauv kev sib koom ua ke chemistry. Raws li ib tug ligand ntawm hlau complex, nws yuav tau yooj yim hloov los ntawm ib tug muaj zog Lewis puag, uas yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv catalysis ntawm polymerization thiab hydrogenation tshuaj. Tom qab ua tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, pyridine ligand hloov thaum lub sijhawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem rov qab los dua. Pyridine kuj tseem siv los ua lub hauv paus hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv condensation. Raws li lub hauv paus, pyridine tuaj yeem siv los ua Karl Fischer reagent, tab sis nws feem ntau yog hloov los ntawm lwm txoj hauv kev nrog cov ntxhiab tsw qab, xws li imidazole. 3.6 Lwm yam Tsuas yog siv rau saum toj no, Pyridine kuj tseem siv rau cov khoom siv polycarbonate resins, cov vitamins, zaub mov flavorings, xim, dyes, khoom siv roj hmab, nplaum, thiab waterproofing rau fabrics. Pyridine ntxiv rau ethanol ua rau nws tsis haum rau haus. Nws kuj tseem siv rau hauv vitro synthesis ntawm DNA. |
| Cov ntaub ntawv toxicity | 4.1 Toxicity Level Tsawg toxicity 4.2 Mob toxicity LD501580mg/kg (cov nas loj, qhov ncauj); 1121mg / kg (Lavbit, los ntawm daim tawv nqaij); nqus tau los ntawm tib neeg 25mg / m3 × 20 min, irritation ntawm conjunctiva thiab ua pa ib ntsuj av mucosa. Subacute thiab mob toxicity: nqus los ntawm cov nas loj 32.3mg / m3 × 7 teev / hnub x5 hnub / lub lis piam x6 hli, nce siab hauv siab; nqus tau los ntawm tib neeg 20-40mg/m3 (ntev ntev), paj hlwb puas, taug kev tsis khov kho, digital tremors, ntshav siab, hws dhau, qee zaus lub siab thiab lub raum puas. |
| Kev phom sij | 5.1 Kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv Pyridine yog tshuaj lom heev los ntawm kev noj thiab nqus pa. Vapors hnyav dua li huab cua. Nws combustion tsim cov tshuaj lom oxides ntawm nitrogen. Pyridine yog cov nplaim hluav taws kub heev (nws lub teeb nyem tsuas yog 17 ºC). Pyridine kuj tuaj yeem muaj cov teebmeem neurotoxic thiab genotoxic. 5.2 Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Kev coj cwj pwm hauv hluav taws: Vapor hnyav dua huab cua thiab tuaj yeem taug kev deb mus rau qhov chaw ntawm qhov hluav taws kub thiab rov qab. |
| Cov ntaub ntawv |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine#Occurrence http://www.zwbk.org/MyLemmaShow.aspx?zh=zh-tw&lid=169038 http://www.softschools.com/formulas/chemistry/pyridine_formula/378/ http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0000926 https://study.com/academy/lesson/pyridine-in-medicine-uses-synthesis.html#partialRegFormModal http://www.toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Pyridine https://www.chemicalbook.com/ProductChemicalPropertiesCB8852825_EN.htm https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/pyridine#section=Top http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do;jsessionid=E7088896622D62FC650863C2AD197CAA?chebiId=CHEBI:16227 https://www.britannica.com/science/pyridine Shimizu, S.; Watanabe, N.; Kataoka, T.; Shoji, T.; Ab, N.; Morishita, S.; Ichimura, H. (2005), "Pyridine thiab Pyridine Derivatives", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, doi: 10.1002/14356007.a22_399 |
| Chemical Properties | Pyridine, yog cov kua daj me ntsis lossis tsis muaj xim; hygroscopic; tsis kaj siab tsw; hlawv saj; me ntsis alkaline hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv; soluble hauv dej, cawv, ether, benzene, thiab roj roj; lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, 0.978; autoignition kub, 482 degree. Pyridine, tertiary amine, yog lub hauv paus me ntsis muaj zog dua li aniline thiab yooj yim tsim quaternary ammonium ntsev. |
| Chemical Properties | Pyridine yog lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog (pKa{{0}}.25); 0.2 M tov muaj pH ntawm 8.5 (HSDB 1988). Nws cov pa roj carbon atom yog deactivated ntawm electrophilic hloov. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv acidic media, qhov twg ntsev tsim ntawm nitrogen. Nws ua tau, txawm li cas los xij, nkag mus rau kev hloov pauv nucleophilic, nyiam dua ntawm C-2 thiab tseem nyob ntawm C-4 txoj haujlwm (Jori li al 1983). Ua ib tug tertiary amine, pyridine reacts nrog alkylating agents los tsim quaternary ntsev (Santodonato li al 1985). Vim tias nws txo qis peev nyiaj pub dawb, nws tiv taus oxidation ntau dua li benzene. Oxidation nrog peroxy acids tsim pyridine N-oxide uas yog tom qab ntawd muaj peev xwm hloov tau electrophilic (Jori li al 1983). Pyridine reacts hnyav nrog ntau lub tebchaw, suav nrog nitric acid, sulfuric acid, maleic anhydride, perchromate, beta-propiolactone thiab chlorosulfonic acid. Thermal decomposition tuaj yeem tso cyanides (Gehring 1983). Ob qho tib si pyridinium ion thiab pyridine nws tus kheej tau yooj yim txo mus rau cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb, piperidine (Jori li al 1983). |
| Lub cev muaj zog | Ntshiab, tsis muaj xim mus rau daj ntseg daj, cov kua nplaum uas muaj lub ntsej muag ntse, nkag mus, xeev siab cov ntses zoo li tsw. Cov ntxhiab tsw qhov chaw nyob hauv dej thiab huab cua yog 2 ppm (Buttery li al., 1988) thiab 21 ppbv(Leonardos li al., 1969), feem. Kev kuaj pom tsw qhov pib qhov siab ntawm 0.74 mg / m3(2.3 hliv) thiab 6 mg / m3(1.9 hliv) tau sim txiav txim siab los ntawm Katz thiab Talbert (1930) thiab Dravnieks (1974), feem. Cometto-Mu?iz thiab Cain (1990) tau tshaj tawm qhov nruab nrab qhov ntswg qhov ntswg qhov pib qhov siab ntawm 1,275 ppmv. |
| Qhov tshwm sim | Pyridine tau pom los ntawm Anderson hauv thee tar hauv xyoo 1846 (Windholz li al 1983). Nws muaj nyob rau hauv cov pa luam yeeb (Vohl thiab Eulenberg 1871; Lehmann 1909) thiab roasted kas fes (Bertrand thiab Weisweiller 1913). Pyridine muaj nyob hauv cov roj ntoo thiab hauv cov nplooj thiab cov hauv paus hniav ntawm Atropa belladonna (HSDB 1988), thiab tseem yog ib feem ntawm cov roj creosote (Krone et al 1986). Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, pyridine thiab nws cov derivatives feem ntau pom raws li cov khoom ntawm alkaloids, vitamins, thiab coenzymes. |
| Siv | Pyridine yog siv los ua ib qho hnyav hauv cov xim thiab roj hmab kev lag luam; raws li qhov nruab nrab hauv dyesand pharmaceuticals; rau denaturing cawv; thiab raws li ib tug reagent rau cyanide tsom xam. Nws tshwm sim hauv coal tar. |
| Siv | Pyridine yog siv ncaj qha nyob rau hauv denaturation ntawm cawv (ACGIH 1986; HSDB 1989; NSC 1978) thiab ua kuab tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov xim thiab roj hmab npaj (ACGIH 1986; HSDB 1989; NSC 1978) thiab nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb lub chaw soj nstuam rau functions xws li rho tawm cov tshuaj hormones cog ( Santodonato thiab 1985). Ib nrab ntawm cov pyridine tsim niaj hnub no yog siv los ua ib qho nruab nrab hauv kev ua ntau yam tshuaj tua kab thiab tshuaj tua kab mob rau kev ua liaj ua teb (ACGIH 1986; Harper li al. 1985; Santodonato et al. 1985). Kwv yees li ntawm 20% mus rau hauv kev tsim cov piperidine (Harper li al. 1985; Santodonato li al. 1985) uas yog kev lag luam tseem ceeb hauv kev npaj cov tshuaj siv roj hmab vulcanization thiab kev ua liaj ua teb (NSC 1978). Pyridine kuj tseem siv los ua ib qho nruab nrab hauv kev npaj tshuaj (antihistamines, steroids, sulfa-types thiab lwm yam tshuaj tua kab mob) dyes, dej tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab polycarbonate resins (ACGIH 1986; Harper et al. 1985; NSC 1978; Santodonato li al. 1985). Pyridine kuj tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm Food and Drug Administration (FDA) siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev flavoring hauv kev npaj zaub mov (Harper li al. 1985; HSDB 1989). |
| Txhais | ChEBI: Pyridine yog ib qho azaarene uas muaj benzene core nyob rau hauv uas ib pawg -CH yog hloov los ntawm ib tug nitrogen atom. Nws yog cov niam txiv sib xyaw ntawm cov chav kawm pyridines.Cov molecules muaj lub nplhaib hexagonal planar thiab yog isoelectronic nrog benzene. Pyridine yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab heterocyclic, nrog cov electrons hauv carbon-carbon pi bonds thiab ib khub ntawm nitrogen delocalized hla lub nplhaib ntawm atoms. Lub compound yog muab rho tawm los ntawm thee tar thiab siv los ua ib qho hnyav thiab ua raw khoom rau cov organic synthesis. |
| Txoj kev tsim khoom | Pyridine yog tsim los ntawm cov roj tau txais los ntawm coking ntawm thee thiab los ntawm kev sib txuas ncaj qha. Lub teeb-roj feem ntawm cov thee tar yog kho nrog sulfuric acid los tsim cov dej-soluble pyridine ntsev thiab tom qab ntawd cov pyridine hauv paus tau rov qab los ntawm cov theem aqueous los ntawm sodium hydroxide lossis ammonia (Jori li al 1983). Feem ntau ntawm US ntau lawm yog los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Cov txheej txheem no siv cov vapor-phase cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm acetaldehyde, formaldehyde thiab ammonia, uas ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm pyridine thiab 3-methylpyridine (Santodonato li al 1985). Cov khoom sib piv yog nyob ntawm qhov txheeb ze ntawm acetaldehyde thiab formaldehyde. Ntxiv methanol tsub kom cov qoob loo. Tebchaws Asmeskas kev tsim cov pyridine tau kwv yees li ntawm 32 txog 47 lab phaus hauv xyoo 1975 (Reinhardt thiab Brittelli 1981). Pyridine yog kev lag luam muaj nyob rau hauv kev, 2 degree thiab 1 degree qib, ob lub tom kawg yog xa mus rau lawv cov boiling ranges. Cov impurities loj dua yog cov npau taws ntau dua, xws li picolines, lutidines thiab collidines, uas yog mono-, di-, thiab trimethylpyridines (Santodonato li al 1985; Jori li al 1983). |
| Kev npaj | Pyridine yog tsim los ntawm kev sib cais los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso xws li thee, los yog los ntawm cov tshuaj synthesis (HSDB 1989). Pyridine yog tsim los ntawm fractional distillation ntawm coal-tar residues (HSDB 1989; NSC 1978; Santodonato li al. 1985) uas 1 tuj ntawm cov thee tsim tawm 0.07-0.21 phaus ntawm pyridine hauv paus ntawm uas 57% yog pyridine (Santodonato li al, 1985). Synthetically tsim pyridine yog tam sim no qhov tseem ceeb ntawm pyridine rau kev lag luam siv (Santodonato li al. 1985). Me me ntawm pyridine yog synthesized los ntawm acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, thiab ammonia nrog ib tug fluidized silica-alumina catalyst, ua raws li fractionation los cais cov pyridine (Harper li al. 1985; HSDB 1989; NSC 1978). Pyridine yog tsim los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso los ntawm Crowley Tar Cov Khoom ntawm Stow, Ohio, thiab Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (Harper li al. 1985; HSDB 1989; SRI 1986, 1987, 1988). Pyridine yog synthetically tsim los ntawm ob lub tuam txhab, Nepera Chemical Co. ntawm Harriman, New York thiab Reilly Tar thiab Chemical Corporation ntawm Indianapolis, Indiana (Harper li al. 1985; SRI 1986, 1987, 1988). |
| Aroma pib qhov tseem ceeb | Kev kuaj pom: 0.079 txog 790 ppb; Kev lees paub: 7.9-40ppm |
| Kev piav qhia dav dav | Cov xim ntshiab tsis muaj xim rau lub teeb daj nrog cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab tsw. Qhov ceev 0.978 g / cm3. Flash point 68 degree F. Vapors hnyav dua huab cua. Toxic los ntawm kev noj thiab nqus pa. combustion tsim tshuaj lom oxides ntawm nitrogen. |
| Cua & Dej Reactions | Cov nplaim taws heev. Soluble hauv dej. |
| Reactivity Profile | Azabenzene yog lub hauv paus. Reacts exothermically nrog acids. Thaum lub sij hawm kev npaj ntawm ib tug complex ntawm Azabenzene nrog chromium trioxide, ib tug acid, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm chromium trioxide tau nce. Cov cua kub los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv acid-base no ua rau muaj kev tawg thiab hluav taws [MCA Case History 1284 1967]. A 0.1% tov ntawm Azabenzene (los yog lwm yam tertiary amine) nyob rau hauv maleic anhydride ntawm 185 degree muab ib tug exothermic decomposition nrog ceev evolution ntawm roj [Chem Eng. Xov Xwm 42(8); 41 1964]. Kev sib xyaw Azabenzene hauv qhov sib npaug ntawm cov molar nrog ib qho ntawm cov khoom hauv qab no hauv lub thawv kaw ua rau kub thiab siab nce: chlorosulfonic acid, nitric acid (70%), oleum, sulfuric acid (96%), lossis propiolactone [NFPA 1991]. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm iodine, Azabenzene, sulfur trioxide, thiab formamide tsim cov pa roj ntau dua tom qab ob peb lub hlis. Qhov no tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim qeeb ntawm sulfuric acid los ntawm cov dej sab nraud, lossis los ntawm lub cev qhuav dej ntawm formamide rau hydrogen cyanide. Ethylene oxide thiab SO2 tuaj yeem hnov mob hnyav hauv cov tshuaj Azabenzene nrog kev siv zog yog tias ethylene oxide ntau dhau (Nolan, 1983, Case History 51). |
| Hazard | Flammable, phom sij txaus ntshai, txwv tsis pub tawg hauv huab cua 1.8–12.4%. Toxic los ntawm kev noj thiab nqus pa. Daim tawv nqaij irritant, daim siab thiab lub raum puas. Muaj lus nug txog carcinogen. |
| Health Hazard | Tus mob toxicity ntawm pyridine yog tsawg. Inhalation ua rau khaus ntawm lub ntsws thiab tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam rau lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb, ua rau mob taub hau, xeev siab, ntuav, kiv taub hau, thiab nervousness. Pyridine irritates lub qhov muag thiab tawv nqaij thiab yog nkag tau yooj yim absorbed, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub cev. Kev noj cov pyridine tuaj yeem ua rau lub siab thiab lub raum puas. Pyridine ua rau olfactory qaug zog, thiab nws cov ntxhiab tsw tsis muaj kev ceeb toom txaus ntawm qhov muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai. Pyridine tsis tau pom tias yog carcinogenic los yog qhia txog kev yug menyuam lossis kev loj hlob toxicity hauv tib neeg. Kev cuam tshuam rau pyridine ntev tuaj yeem ua rau lub siab, lub raum, thiab lub paj hlwb puas. |
| Health Hazard | Cov teebmeem tshuaj lom ntawm pyridine muaj xws li mob taub hau, kiv taub hau, ntxhov siab, xeev siab, insomnia, tso zis ntau zaus, thiab mob plab.Cov tsos mob tshwm sim, tshwm sim tsis muaj neeg los ntawm subacute raug rau pyridinevapors ntawm li 125 ppm rau 4 teev ib hnub twg rau 1-2 lub lis piam (Reinhardt). thiab Brittelli 1981).Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub cev rau pyridine toxicity yog lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb, lub siab, ob lub raum, gastrointestinaltract, thiab daim tawv nqaij. Txoj kev ntawm kev raug yog nqus pa ntawm vapors, thiab noj thiab nqus cov kua los ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Kev phom sij loj ntawm kev noj qab haus huv tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev nqus tau ntev, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub raum thiab lub siab puas tsuaj, thiab kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov pob txha pob txha kom nce cov ntshav platelets. Tsawg-qib exposureto 10 ppm tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj lom neeg mob ntev ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb. Kev noj cov kua dej tuaj yeem tsim cov tsos mob zoo ib yam li cov lus hais saum toj no. Kev sib cuag ntawm daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem ua rau dermatitis. Vapor yog ib qho ua rau lub qhov muag, qhov ntswg, thiab lub ntsws. Vim hais tias ntawm nws muaj zog tsis pom zoo tsw, muaj ib txwm txaus ceeb toom tawm tsam ib tug overexposure.A concentration ntawm 10 ppm yog objectionable rau tib neeg. LCLO tus nqi, nqus tau (nas): 4000 ppm / 4 h LD50 tus nqi, qhov ncauj (cov nas): 1500 mg / kg. Huh thiab cov neeg ua hauj lwm (1986) tau tshawb xyuas cov nyhuv ntawm glycyrrhetinic acid ntawm pyridine toxicity hauv nas. Pretreatment nrog glycyrrhetinic acid txo qis kev nyuaj siab ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb thiab tuag nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj induced los ntawm pyridine. Cov pretreatment no ho txo qis cov kev ua ntawm cov enzyme serum transaminase, thiab nce cov kev ua ntawm hepaticmicrosomal aniline hydroxylase [9012-90-0], a pyridine-enzyme. |
| Flammability thiab Explosibility | Pyridine yog cov kua ua kua heev (NFPA ntsuam xyuas=3), thiab nws cov vapor tuaj yeem mus deb heev thiab "flash rov qab." Pyridine vapor cov ntaub ntawv tawg sib xyaw nrog huab cua ntawm qhov siab ntawm 1.8 txog 12.4% (los ntawm ntim). Cov pa roj carbon dioxide lossis cov tshuaj tua hluav taws qhuav yuav tsum tau siv rau cov hluav taws kub pyridine. |
| Kev siv tshuab | Pyridine yog cov kuab tshuaj zoo rau ntau lub tebchaw, ob qho tib si organic thiab inorganic (Windholz li al 1983). Kwv yees li 50% ntawm pyridine siv hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas yog rau kev tsim cov tshuaj ua liaj ua teb, xws li tshuaj tua kab mob paraquat, diquat thiab triclopyr thiab cov tshuaj tua kab chlorpyrifos. Lwm yam kev siv yog nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov piperidine; kev tsim cov tshuaj, xws li steroids, vitamins thiab antihistamines; thiab ua ib qho hnyav. Kev siv cov kuab tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si tshuaj thiab polycarbonate resin industries. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kuab tshuaj hauv cov txheej txheem uas HC1 hloov zuj zus (Santodonato li al 1985). Kev siv me me rau pyridine yog rau cov denaturation ntawm cawv thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib tov, ua tus pab dyeing hauv textiles thiab ua tus neeg sawv cev (Jori li al 1983; Furia 1968; HSDB 1988). |
| Tiv tauj cov tshuaj tsis haum | Pyridine (unsubstituted pyridine) thiab nws cov derivative (substituted pyridines) yog siv dav hauv chemistry. Pyridine yog ib qho hnyav siv rau ntau cov organic tebchaw thiab anhydrous metallic ntsev chemicals. Muaj nyob rau hauv Karl Fischer reagent, nws induced hu rau dermatitis nyob rau hauv ib tug kws kho mob. Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv no. |
| Kev ruaj ntseg Profile | Tshuaj lom los ntawm txoj kev intraperitoneal. Cov tshuaj lom neeg tsawg los ntawm kev noj, kev sib cuag ntawm daim tawv nqaij, kev tso dej, thiab txoj hauv kev subcutaneous. Mob me me los ntawm kev nqus pa. Ib daim tawv nqaij thiab qhov muag heev irritant. Cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv tau tshaj tawm. tuaj yeem ua rau lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb kev nyuaj siab, plab hnyuv siab, thiab lub siab thiab lub raum puas. Cov kua ua kua thiab hluav taws kub nyhiab thaum raug tshav kub, nplaim taws, lossis oxidizers. Kev puas tsuaj loj heev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm vapor thaum raug nplaim taws los yog spark. Reacts hnyav nrog chlorosulfonic acid, chromium trioxide, dinitrogen tetraoxide, HNO3, oleum, perchromates, ppropiolactone, AgClO4, H2SO4. Incandescent cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog fluorine. Reacts tsim cov khoom pyrophoric lossis tawg nrog bromine trifluoride, trifluoromethyl hypofluorite. Kev sib xyaw nrog formamide + iodine + sulfur trioxide yog qhov chaw cia khoom, tso carbon dioxide thiab sulfuric acid. Incompatible nrog oxidizing cov ntaub ntawv. Reacts nrog maleic anhydride (tshaj 150 degree) evolving carbon dioxide. Txhawm rau tua hluav taws, siv cawv ua npuas ncauj. Thaum rhuab mus rau decomposition nws emits cov pa phem heev ntawm NOx. |
| Ntxim yuav nphav raug | Pyridine yog siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj hauv kev lag luam tshuaj thiab ua denaturant rau ethyl cawv; raws li qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj tua kab; nyob rau hauv pharmaceuticals; nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov xim, explosives, dyestuffs, roj hmab, vitamins, sulfa tshuaj; thiab tshuaj tua kab mob. |
| Carcinogenicity | Pyridine tsis yog carcinogenic hauv ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb subcutaneous. F344 nas tau muab pyridine hauv qhov ncauj hauv dej haus ntawm koob tshuaj 0, 7, 14, lossis 33 mg / kg rau 2 xyoos. Cov koob tshuaj saum toj kawg nkaus ua rau txo qis hauv lub cev hnyav thiab haus dej. Kev nce lub raum tubular adenoma lossis carcinoma thiab tubular hyperplasia tau pom hauv cov txiv neej ntawm 33 mg / kg. Kev nce mononuclear cell leukemia tau pom nyob rau hauv cov poj niam ntawm 14 thiab 33 mg / kg, uas tau suav tias yog qhov sib npaug ntawm kev sib raug zoo rau pyridine raug, vim qhov no yog ib qho kev tshawb pom nyob rau hauv hom nas no. Concentration-related nonneoplastic hloov hauv daim siab tau pom ntawm 33 mg / kg. Txiv neej Wistar nas tau zoo sib xws nrog koob tshuaj ntawm 0, 8, 17, lossis 36 mg / kg rau 2 xyoos. Kev muaj sia nyob qis dua thiab lub cev hnyav tau pom ntawm 17 thiab 36 mg / kg. Cov noob qes qes adenomas tau pom ntawm 36 mg / kg. Tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ciaj sia taus lossis tus nqi neoplasm hauv lwm cov ntaub so ntswg, suav nrog raum, txawm hais tias muaj zog nephropathy thiab hepatic centrilobular degeneration / necrosis tau pom hauv qee cov pyridine-kho nas. |
| Qhov chaw | Pyridine tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qos yaj ywm, anabasis, henbane nplooj, peppermint (0 mus rau 1 ppb), tshuaj yej nplooj, thiab haus luam yeeb nplooj (Duke, 1992). Pom tau tias yog ib qho ntawm 140 cov khoom siv tsis zoo hauv cov roj taum pauv tau sau los ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm uas kib ntau yam nqaij nyug, nqaij qaib, thiab nqaij nyug khoom (Takeoka li al., 1996). |
| Environmental txoj hmoo | Tshuaj lom neeg.Heukelekian thiab Rand (1955) qhia txog 5-d BOD tus nqi ntawm 1.31 g / g uas yog 58.7% ntawm ThOD tus nqi ntawm 2.23 g / g. Ib Nocardia sp. cais tawm ntawm cov av muaj peev xwm hloov pauv pyridine, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm semicarbazide, mus rau hauv ib qho khoom nruab nrab uas qhia tias succinic acid semialdehyde (Shukla thiab Kaul, 1986). 1,4-Dihydropyridine, glutaric dialdehyde, glutaric acid semialdehyde, thiab glutaric acid tau txheeb xyuas tias yog cov khoom nruab nrab thaum pyridine degraded los ntawm Nocardia strain Z1 (Watson thiab Cain, 1975). Photolytic.Irradiation ntawm aqueous tov ntawm 50 degree rau 24 teev ua rau 23.06% tawm ntawm carbon dioxide (Knoevenagel thiab Himmelreich, 1976). Tshuaj / Lub cev.Gas-theem cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ozone nrog pyridine nyob rau hauv cov cua hluavtaws ntawm 23 degree yielded ib nitrated ntsev uas muaj cov mis: [C6H5NH]+NO3 - (Atkinson li al., 1987). Ozonation ntawm pyridine nyob rau hauv aqueous daws ntawm 25 degree tau kawm nrog thiab tsis muaj ntxiv ntawm tert-butyl cawv (20 mM) raws li ib tug radical scavenger. Nrog tert-butyl cawv, ozonation ntawm pyridine yielded mas pyridine N-oxide (80% tawm los), uas yog heev ruaj khov rau ozone. Tsis muaj tert-butyl cawv, lub nplhaib heterocyclic tau nrawm nrawm tsim ammonia, nitrate, thiab amidic compound N-formyl oxamic acid (Andreozzi li al., 1991). |
| Metabolism | Pyridine yog absorbed los ntawm txoj hnyuv, daim tawv nqaij thiab lub ntsws thiab raug tshem tawm ntawm cov zis, quav, tawv nqaij thiab ntsws, ob qho tib si raws li metabolites thiab raws li niam txiv compound (Jori li al 1983). Uptake los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg nce nrog koob tshuaj thiab kev tshem tawm yog biphasic nyob rau hauv cov xwm (Zharikov thiab Titov 1982; HSDB 1988). Kev tshem tawm sai sai thiab zoo li tsis muaj cov ntaub so ntswg (Jori li al 1983). Kev soj ntsuam los ntawm Nws (1887) ntawm kev tso zis ntawm Af-methylpyridine los ntawm pyridine-dosed tsiaj yog thawj piv txwv ntawm Af-methylation. Paub cov urinary metabolites ntawm pyridine nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj muaj xws li pyridine N-oxide, N-methyl pyridine, 4-pyridone, 2-pyridone thiab 3-hydroxypyridine. Qee cov metabolites tseem yuav raug txheeb xyuas (Damani li al 1982). Cov txheeb ze ntawm cov metabolites yog nyob ntawm ntau hom thiab koob tshuaj (Gorrod thiab Damani 1980). Piv txwv li, tus nas tau pom tias tso tawm 70% ntawm 1 mg / kg koob tshuaj hauv cov zis hauv thawj 24 teev tom qab noj, tab sis tus lej ntawd poob rau 5.8% rau 500 mg / kg koob tshuaj (D'Souza et ib 1980). Txawm hais tias urinary excretion ntawm pyridine thiab nws cov metabolites zoo li yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau kev tshem tawm, tsis tau tso zis tawm tsis tau kawm ntau (Santodonato li al 1985). Hauv cov luav, cov haujlwm pyridine N-methyltransferase tau pom tias yog qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv lub ntsws cytosol thiab nws tau pom tias siv 5-adenosyl methionine li methyl pub dawb (Damani li al 1986). Txoj kev no yog saturable nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si nas thiab guinea npua (D'Souza li al 1980). Cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, N-methyl pyridine, tsis tshua muaj tshuaj lom tab sis muaj tshuaj lom ntau dua li pyridine (Williams 1959). Pyridine N-oxide yog tsim los ntawm cytochrome P-450 system thiab cov kev ua si yog ntxias los ntawm phenobarbital los yog pyridine pretreatment tab sis tsis yog los ntawm 3-methylcholanthrene (Gorrod thiab Damani 1979; Kaul thiab Novak 1987). Hauv luav, cawv-inducible (thiab pyridine inducible) P-450 LM3Azoo li tus qis Kmisozyme uas catalyzes pyridine Af-oxide ntau lawm (Kim thiab Novak 1989). N-oxidation ntawm pyridine tuaj yeem sawv cev rau txoj hauv kev rau bioactivation (Santodonato li al 1985) thiab txoj hauv kev no tseem ceeb dua vim tias cov koob tshuaj pyridine nce ntxiv (Damani li al 1982). |
| khaws cia | Pyridine yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas tsis muaj ignition qhov chaw, thiab ntau tshaj 1 liter yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv lub kaw ntom nti hlau ntim nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam sib cais los ntawm oxidizers. |
| Kev xa khoom | UN1992 Flammable kua, tshuaj lom, nos, Hazard Class: 3; Cov ntawv lo: 3-Flammable kua, 6. |
| Txoj Kev Purification | Tej yam impurities yog H2O thiab amines xws li picolines thiab lutedines. Pyridine yog hygroscopic thiab yog miscible nrog H2O thiab organic solvents. Nws tuaj yeem qhuav nrog cov khoom KOH, NaOH, CaO, BaO lossis sodium, tom qab ntawd los ntawm fractional distillation. Lwm txoj hauv kev kom qhuav muaj xws li sawv nrog Linde hom 4A molecular sieves, CaH2 lossis LiAlH4, azeotropic distillation ntawm H2O nrog toluene lossis * benzene, lossis kho nrog phenylmagnesium bromide hauv ether, ua raws li evaporation ntawm ether thiab distillation ntawm pyridine. Ib qho kev pom zoo [Lindauer Mukherjee Pure Appl Chem 27 267 1971] txoj kev dries pyridine tshaj cov khoom KOH (20g / Kg) rau 2 lub lis piam thiab fractionally distils lub supernatant tshaj Linde hom 5A molecular sieves thiab khoom KOH. Cov khoom yog khaws cia hauv CO2-dawb nitrogen. Pyridine tuaj yeem khaws cia rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog BaO, CaH2 lossis molecular sieves. Cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis yog siv tau tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm chav distilling ib qho kev daws teeb meem uas muaj 1.2 qhov sib npaug ntawm 20% H2SO4 lossis 17% HCl txog li 10% ntawm lub hauv paus tau nqa mus nrog rau cov uas tsis yog cov impurities. Tom qab ntawd cov residue yog ua alkaline, thiab lub hauv paus yog sib cais, qhuav nrog NaOH thiab fractionally distilled. Xwb, pyridine tuaj yeem kho nrog cov tshuaj oxidizing. Yog li pyridine (800mL) tau nplawm rau 24 teev nrog sib tov ntawm ceric sulfate (20g) thiab anhydrous K2CO3 (15g), ces lim thiab fractionally distilled. Hurd thiab Simon [J Am Chem Soc 84 4519 1962] stirred pyridine (135mL), dej (2.5L) thiab KMnO4 (90g) rau 2hours ntawm 100o, ces sawv rau 15 teev ua ntej lim tawm cov precipitated manganese oxides. Ntxiv cov khoom KOH (ca 500g) ua rau pyridine cais. Nws tau decanted, refluxed nrog CaO rau 3 teev thiab distilled. Kev sib cais ntawm pyridine los ntawm qee yam ntawm nws homologues tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm crystallisation ntawm oxalates. Pyridine yog precipitated raws li nws oxalate los ntawm kev ntxiv nws mus rau lub stirred tov ntawm oxalic acid nyob rau hauv acetone. Lub precipitate yog lim, ntxuav nrog txias acetone, thiab pyridine yog regenerated thiab cais. Lwm txoj hauv kev yog ua raws li kev tsim nrog ZnCl2 lossis HgCl2. |
| Kev tsis sib haum xeeb | Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hnyav nrog cov muaj zog oxidizers; muaj zog acids; chlorosulfonic acid; txiv neej anhydride; oleum iodine. |
| Pov tseg pov tseg | Tswj incineration uas yog nitrogen oxides raug tshem tawm ntawm cov roj effluent los ntawm scrubber, catalytic los yog thermal li. |
| Pyridine Preparation Products Thiab Raw Materials |
| Cov khoom nyoos | Sulfuric acid-->Ammonia-->Benzene-->COAL TAR-->3-Picoline-->COKEOVENGAS-->1,5-DIAMINOPENTANE DIHYDROCHLORIDE |
| Cov khoom npaj | Methyl 2-Fluoroisonicotinate-->2-ACETYL-5-CYANOTHIOPHENE-->5-BROMO-2-FLUOROCINNAMIC ACID-->4-NITROISOPHTHALIC ACID-->3,5-DIMETHOXYCINNAMIC ACID-->2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate-->2,4-MESITYLENEDISULFONYL DICHLORIDE-->(4-FLUORO-BENZYL)-METHYL-AMINE-->1-Phenacylpyridinium bromide-->3-(TRIFLUOROMETHOXY)CINNAMIC ACID-->trans-Ferulic acid-->3-(Trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-->4-Fluorocinnamic acid-->Indigosol Green Blue IBC-->2-Amino-4-methyl-5-acetylthiazole-->Benzyl 2-chloroacetate-->5-ACETAMIDONICOTINIC ACID-->7-ACETOXYCOUMARIN-->2-AMINO-4-METHYL-QUINOLINE-3-CARBONITRILE-->N-PHENYLISONICOTINAMIDE-->Allyl methyl carbonate-->Pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride hydrochloride-->Syringaldehyde-->2,4,5,6-TETRAMETHYLBENZENEDISULFONYL DICHLORIDE-->3-(3-METHYL-2-THIENYL)ACRYLIC ACID-->Vat Grey M-->17beta-Hydroxy-17-methylandrosta-4,9(11)-dien-3-one-->butyl N-phenylcarbamate-->3-Methoxycinnamic acid-->1-CHLORO-2-METHYLPROPYL CHLOROFORMATE-->Pyrazinecarbonitrile-->2-AMINO-6-CHLORO-3,5-DICYANOPYRIDINE-->4-BROMO-TETRAHYDROPYRAN-->Phenylcarbamic acid propyl ester-->Hydrocortisone acetate-->5-METHYLPICOLINIC ACID-->4-Acetamido-2-chloropyridine-->Pyridinium p-Toluenesulfonate-->1,2,4-Triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3(2H)-one-->Paraquat dichloride |
Cim npe nrov: Tuam Tshoj pyridine manufacturers, lwm tus neeg, Hoobkas
Tom ntej: 2-Pentanone
Koj Tseem Yuav Zoo Li
Xa kev nug
